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Laser in Dentistry

LASER. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Stimulated VS. Sp

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Laser in Dentistry

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    1. Laser in Dentistry By Hisham Sindi

    2. LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

    3. Stimulated VS. Spontaneous

    4. Production of Laser Energy

    5. 1) Active Medium Solid : (ruby and Nd: YAG) Gas : (CO2, argon and He-Ne) Liquid : (complex organic dyes) Semiconductor : (diodes) Metal vapor : (copper)

    6. 2) Optical Resonator Left mirror : Flat and full reflection Right mirror : Concave and partial transmition

    7. Energy Source High Voltage Power Supply Radiofrequency Generator Flash Lamp Tube Another laser

    8. Active medium Energy source Left mirror Right mirror Laser

    11. Characteristics Coherent Parallel Monochromatic

    12. Classification of Laser Medium Heat production Output power Pumping scheme Operation mode

    13. According to Heat Production 1) Athermic (Soft laser) (LLL) : He-Ne 2) Thermic (Hard laser) : CO2 Nd:YAG Ruby

    14. According to Output Power Low power : (up to 1000 mW) Middle power : (1-3 W) High power laser : (3 W and upwards)

    15. According to Pumping Scheme Optical Electrical

    16. According to The Operation Mode Continuous wave Pulsed

    17. Uses of Laser Commercial Industrial Medical Research Military

    18. 1) Commercial Copiers Displays Communications Printing Scanning Light shows Compact Disk (CD)

    19. 2) Industrial Alignment Cutting Drilling Sealing Construction Soldering

    20. 3) Medical Ophthalmology Invasive Surgery Dentistry Diagnostic Cosmetic Surgery Endoscopy

    21. 4) Research Fusion Spectroscopy Velocimetry

    22. Military Navigation Ranging Illumination Weapons

    23. Biologic effects of Laser Light Thermal effect: Photocoagulation Photovaporization 2) Non thermal effect: Photochemical Photomechanical

    24. Thermal Effect 36.5 C°: No effect 37 C° : Photoactivation 44 C° : Tissue denaturation 60 C° : Tissue degradation Whitening of tissue surface 65 C° : Tissue coagulation Hemostasis and Intraluminal thrombosis Exceeding 100 C° : Vaporization

    25. Sizes of Cutting Depend on: Thermal conduction of the tissue The wave length The power of energy

    26. Non Thermal Effect Photochemical : Neural Activation of enzymes (ATP) Cell membrane 2) Photomechanical (Nd-YAG) : Extremely high power ultra short pulses.

    27. Laser in Dentistry

    28. Pulsed Nd-YAG Lasers 1) Soft tissue : Gingival retraction Gingivectomy Gingivoplasty Frenectomies Apthus ulcers 2) Hard tissue: Enamel and dentin etching Dentin Hypersensitivety Caries detection Endodontic treatment (shaping, sterilization and obturation)

    29. Argon Lasers (476, 488, 514 nm) Cure dental bonding agent and composite resin. Recommended for many soft tissue application

    31. CO2 Lasers (10600 nm) Superficial cutting or vaporizing soft tissue. Oral and maxillofacial surgery Minimal photocoagulation in deeper tissues

    32. Er-YAG Lasers Strongly absorbed by collagen, hydroxyapatite and water Caries removal and cavity preparation Hard dental tissue Cut and vaporize with small zones.

    33. Effects of Lasers on Dental Tissues Enamel Dentin Cementum Pulp Wound healing

    34. Effect on Enamel Modification of the enamel surface Melting structural elements Increase caries resistance

    35. Effect on Dentin Sealing of dentinal tubules Decrease dentin permeability Desensitization of dentin

    36. Effect on Cementum Increase resistance Reduction of plaque accumulation Calculus removal

    38. Effects in Wound Healing Rapid epithelization Increase collagen Neovasculrization Neural regeneration Haemostatsis

    39. Safety Measures Protective glasses Cover reflective surfaces Wet gauze pads Remove anesthetic gases Suction smoke and vaporized soft tissue

    40. Contraindications Pregnancy Heart diseases

    41. Examples Diagnodent Waterlase

    42. Thank You

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