Beginning of The Cold War

1. Beginning of The Cold War Through The Korean War

2. Containment February 1946 proposed by George Kennan, American diplomat to Russia Keep Communism from spreading to other countries United States Policy

3. Soviet Policy • Satellite nations • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • Hungary • Romania • Poland • East Germany

4. Iron Curtain • The term Iron Curtain had historically been used before this time period • Sir Winston Churchill popularized it in a speech given at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on March 15, 1946

5. Iron Curtain Speech Excerpt From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.

6. Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Communist China Nationalist China Korean War Cold War Overseas

7. Truman Doctrine • March 12, 1947 President Truman asked for $400M in military and Economic Aid for Greece and Turkey

8. Address to Congress • I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic stability and orderly political process." -- President Harry S. Truman, March 12, 1947 in an Address Recommending aid to Greece and Turkey.

9. Cold War in Europe • Marshall Plan • Proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall • June 1947 • U.S. provided aid for all European nations who need it

10. Divided Berlin

11. Berlin Airlift • June 1948 Soviets closed all land routes into Berlin • June 26, 1948 airlift of material needed to maintain a reasonable lifestyle began

12. Soviets Quit • Midnight May 12, 1949, Soviets reopened land and water routes into Berlin. • Airlift continued until September 30 to build a backlog of supplies.

13. NATO • Terms of North Atlantic Pact - Attack on one, attack on allSaturday March 9, 1949

14. NATO • President Truman signs and puts into effect the North Atlantic Treaty • August 24, 1949

15. NATO • Memorandum, dated July 22, 1949, by Secretary of State Dean Acheson to President Harry S. Truman  about the signing of the treaty

16. Communist Takeover • Members of People’s Liberation Army entering Beijing • June 1949

17. Communist China • Mao declared the People’s Republic of China (PRC) • October 1, 1949

18. Nationalist China • Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek • Moved to island of Taiwan

19. Taiwan • Nationalist China was recognized as China in the United Nations and the Security Council

20. Communist China

21. Korea • Korea ruled by Japan 1910 – 1945 • According to WWII agreements Soviets entered Korea from north and U.S. entered from the south

22. Korea • Korea ruled by Japan 1910 – 1945 • According to WWII agreements Soviets entered Korea from north and U.S. entered from the south • August 10, 1945 United States and Soviets agreed to divide Korea at 38th parallel

23. Korea • Northern Japanese forces would surrender to the Soviet Union • Southern Japanese forces would surrender to the United States • Not to be a permanent solution or settlement – according to United States

24. United Nations elections were to be held to unify the country They did not occur Syngman Rhee elected President in South Korea North Korean General Secretary Kim ll-sung elected in North Korea Korea

25. Korea • United States withdrew forces from the Pacific area after the war • Seen by North Korea as a sign of disinterest in South Korea

26. Invasion Begins • June 25, 1950 North Korea attacks South Korea using Soviet weapons and tanks. • United Nation Security Council met • Soviet Union boycotting over Nationalist China

27. United Nations Action • The United Nations Security Council asked UN members to send troops to the region under a UN flag • Most of the troops sent were American (15 nations sent troops) and command of them was given to Gen. Douglas MacArthur.

28. Interactive Maps • This is the time to view this sight • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/maps/koreatxt.html

29. MacArthur Is Fired • MacArthur believed we could win a war against China • Truman disagreed and ordered it dropped • MacArthur went over his head to news media and Congress • He was relieved of command April 1, 1951

30. New General • Ridgway took over • Korea ended in a stalemate -

31. MacArthur Before Congress • “Old Soldiers never die, they just fade away”

32. Lessons From Korea • What is the news from North and South Korea as you view this presentation? • What have we learned as a country? • What have we learned as a world?

33. Web Sites • http://www.trumanlibrary.org/teacher/doctrine.htm • http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/korea.htm • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/maps/koreatxt.html • http://www.historycentral.com/korea/macarthur_fired.html