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Native Americans

Native Americans. Ms. Astle . Picture from: Heather Astle Postcards. Native Americans. In 1492 15 to 20 million natives lived in North America. 2,000 different nations existed. A nation is made up of people who spoke the same language and shared other cultural traits.

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Native Americans

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  1. Native Americans Ms. Astle Picture from: Heather Astle Postcards

  2. Native Americans In 1492 15 to 20 million natives lived in North America. 2,000 different nations existed. A nation is made up of people who spoke the same language and shared other cultural traits. Most natives believed in the power of spirits found in nature. Natives tried to live in harmony with nature and the land. Believed that no one person could own the land, but that it was shared by all members.

  3. Native American Regions Picture from: World Book Online Reference

  4. Arctic Indians • Location • Northern Boarders of Alaska and Canada • Tribes • Inupiat, Yupik, Aleuts, Tanaina, Inuit • Shelter/Housing • Igloo • Food • Seal, whale, walrus, caribou, polar bears, clams. • Customs • Traveled by kayaks, and dog sleds. • Carved masks used in ceremonies. • Tattoos were common

  5. Subarctic Indians • Location • Canada and Alaska • Tribes • Cree, Tanana, Naskapi, Algonquin, Chipewyan, Kutchin, Montagnais, Ingulik, Kaska, Beaver • Shelter/Housing • Wood and sod houses • Food • Caribou—most important • Moose, deer, rabbit, pemmican • Customs • Windigo—Giant cannibals who lived in the forest. • Women did most of the work but would be first to starve if food ran out.

  6. Northwest Coast Indians • Location • Oregon, Washington and part of Canada along the Northwest coast • Tribes • Tillamook, Chinook, Tlingit, Makah, Haida, Kwakiutl, Nootka, Coos, Takelma • Shelter/Housing • Rectangular houses out of cedar with wood floors. • Food • Salmon, sea otters, seals, dried meat, fish, cod. • Customs • Sought the protection of animal spirits—raven, bear, eagle, and beaver. • Built totem poles. • Potlach—gifting custom

  7. California Indians • Location • California Coast • Tribes • Chumash, Pomo, Mojave, Yurok, Miwok, Maidu, Wintun, Yokuts, Chimariko, Karok, Kamia, Yana • Shelter/Housing • Cone shaped made with brush. • Food • Acorns—main food. • Grubs, caterpillars, grasshoppers • Dolphins, sea lions • Customs • Did not have war chiefs or bestow war honors. • Raids made for revenge. • Pomo baskets finest in world.

  8. Plateau Indians • Location • Bordered by Cascade Mountains and Rocky Mountains • Tribes • Nez Pierce, Yakima, Palus, Walla Walla, Cayuse, Klamath, Flathead, Spokane • Shelter • Pit House • Food • Salmon—most important. • Elk, fish, deer, bear, berries. • Customs • Fished with long spears. • Personal guardian spirits. • Salmon Ceremony---1st of spring and 1st catch honored to bring good run the next year.

  9. Great Basin Indians • Location • Great Basin area • Tribes • Shoshone, Paiute, Ute, Bannock • Shelter/Housing • Wiki-ups • Teepees • Food • Foraged for food- • Insects, grubs, seeds, nuts, rabbits, and grasshoppers. • Customs • Nicknamed “diggers” • Ute Bear Dance---4 day dance around a pole • Wolf—good brother who makes things. • Coyote—trickster bad brother who disrupts things.

  10. Southwest Indians • Location • Southwest United States • Tribes • Hopi, Zuni, Apache, Navajo, Pueblo, Papago, Comanche, Yuma, Pima, Tewa, Mojave • Shelter/Housing • Pueblo • Hogan • Wiki-ups • Food • Corns, Squash, beans, sunflowers, turkeys • Customs • Kachinas—spirit beings • Kachina Dolls—used to teach children about religion. • Kiva—Used for ceremonies and rituals • Navajo Sand Paintings—used for healing

  11. Plains Indians • Location • West of Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains • Tribes • Sioux (Lakota), Crow, Pawnee, Cheyenne, Comanche, Fox, Sauk, Arapaho, Blackfeet, Mandan, Kiowa, Blackfoot, Mandan, Omaha, Osage, Wichita, Arapaho, Gros Ventre, Caddo, Hidatsa • Shelter/Housing • Teepee • Food • Bison—Staple food. • Elk, antelope, fish, corn, beans, squash, and tobacco.

  12. Uses for Buffalo Parts • Rawhide: • Containers ,Shields, Buckets , Moccasin Soles, Drums, Splints, Ropes, Sheaths, Saddles, Stirrups, Bull boats, Masks, Snowshoes, Ornaments. • Tanned Buffalo Hide • Moccasin Tips, Winter Robes, Bedding, Belts, Bags, Tipi Covers, Tipi Liners, Bridles • Gall Stones: • Yellow Paints • Meat: • Immediate Use, Sausage, Cached meat, Jerky, Pemmican • Tongue: • Choice Meat • Stomach Liner: • Water Containers, Cooking Vessels • Horns: • Cups, fire Carrier, Powder horn, Spoons, Ladles, Headdresses, Toys, Medication • Hooves, Feet and Dewclaws • Glue, Rattles, Spoons • Beard: • Ornamentations, Dolls • Skull: • Sun Dance, Medicine Prayers, Other Rituals • Brain: • Hide Preparation • Bladder: • Pouches, Medicine Bags • Tendons: • Sinews—sewing, Bowstrings • Fat: • Tallow, Soaps, Hair Grease

  13. Plains Indians • Customs • Vision quests • War and Peace chiefs • Eagle feathers awarded to warriors for each deed. • Sundance

  14. Northeast Woodlands Indians • Location • Northeast United States • Tribes • Iroquois, Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca, Onondaga, Cayuga, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Winnebago, Sauk, Fox, Mohegan, Pequot, Shawnee, Mound Builders, Algonquian, Powhatan, Narraganset, Miami, Huron, • Shelter • Longhouse • Wigwam • Food: • Fish, corn, beans, deer, rabbit, bear, duck

  15. Northeast Woodland Indians • Customs: • Fish by torchlight • Elder women leads clan • Women own everything have right to vote • Wampum---used to communicate messages of war and peace • Iroquois Confederation---1st form of Representative Government in the U.S.

  16. Southeast Indians • Location • Southeast United States • Tribes • Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, Natchez, Chickasaw, Yuchi, Alabama, Caddo, Catawba, Coushatta, Timucua, Yamasee • Shelter • Rectangular with thatched roof---some were on stilts • Food • Corn---most important • Squash, sweet potatoes, pumpkins

  17. Southeast Indians • Customs • Hunt using blow guns with poisonous tips • Cherokee considered one of 5 civilized tribes. • Created own government and written language. • Played lacrosse • Mississippian Culture---Mound Builders • Green Corn Ceremony

  18. Sources • Music from--Freeplay Music: Native American (2007) Pierre Langer, SESAC, Scott P. Schreer, BMI: Freeplay Music Corp. at URL: http://www.freeplaymusic.com/search/advanced_search_ext.php • Video from--eMedia (2004) American Heritage. Native Americans at URL: http://dms.uen.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/tsweb.woa/1/wo/3IjzzfrY3seCKTHbE4iORw/0.13.3?1187283558496 • Map from—World Book Online Reference Center (2007) World Book Inc. at URL: http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/extmedia?id=ar274500&st=native+americvans&em=lr004176 • Pictures from— • NYPL Digital Gallery: After Columbus 400 Years of Native American Portriture (2004) NYPL Digital Gallery at URL: http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/explore/dgexplore.cfm?topic=history&collection_list=AfterColumbusFourhun&col_id=182 • University of Washington Digital Library:American Indians of the Pacific Northwest (2007) University of Washington at URL: http://content.lib.washington.edu/aipnw/index.html • American Memory: Library of Congress ( 2007) Library of Congress at URL: http://memory.loc.gov/award/iencurt/ct14/ct14toc.html • Heather Astle Postcards • Utah History To Go (2007) State of Utah at URL: http://historytogo.utah.gov/people/ethnic_cultures/the_history_of_utahs_american_indians/chapter6.html • North Americans Native Peoples (2000) crsmith at URL: http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/noamer_newoodlands.html

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