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ANCIENT RELIGIONS

ANCIENT RELIGIONS.

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ANCIENT RELIGIONS

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  1. ANCIENT RELIGIONS 31a Describe how geographic features and cultural diffusion affected the development of Ancient Chinese River Valley Civilizations. 31d Describe the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou, Qin, & Han Dynasties31e Explain the impact of Confucianism on Chinese culture including the Examination System, the Mandate of Heaven, the status of peasants, gender status, the status of merchants, & the patriarchal family & the diffusion of Chinese culture to Southeast Asia, Japan, & Korea

  2. Rise of Chinese PhilosophiesConfucianism • 5 Basic Social Relationships: • Ruler & Subject • Father & Son • Husband & Wife • Older Brother & Younger Brother • Friend & Friend • Founder: • Confucius (551-479 B.C.) • Ideas About Social Order: • Emphasis on family • Respect for elders (filial piety) • Ideas About Government: • Emphasis on education • Could change a commoner into a gentleman • Trained civil service essential for good gov’t

  3. Rise of Chinese PhilosophiesDaoism • Founder: • Laozi • Ideas About Order & Harmony: • Understanding nature is key to order & harmony • Natural Order more important than Social Order • Ideas About A Universal Force: • Universal Force called Dao (aka “The Way”) guides all things

  4. Rise of Chinese PhilosophiesLegalism • Founders: • Li Si, Hanfeizi • Ideas About Social Order: • Efficient & powerful gov’t is key to social order • Ideas About Government • Gov’t should control ideas & use law & harsh punishment to restore harmony • Rewards for people who carry out their duties well

  5. Hinduism • FOUNDER: • No Founder • Collection of religious beliefs that developed over centuries

  6. Hinduism • WHO BELIEVERS WORSHIP: • Brahma (The Creator) • Vishnu (The Protector) • Shiva (The Destroyer) • *There are many other gods

  7. Hinduism • LEADERS: • Guru • Brahman priest • Casey Nellums

  8. Hinduism • SACRED TEXTS: • Vedas • 4 collections of prayers, magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals • Upanishads • Teachers comments in response to the Vedic hymns- written as dialogue

  9. Hinduism • BASIC BELIEFS: • Reincarnation • Rebirth of an individual’s soul until a perfect state is achieved • Follow path of right thinking, right action, & religious devotion • Karma (person’s good or bad deeds) follows the person from one reincarnation to another • Ultimate Goal = moksha (state of perfect understanding)

  10. Hinduism • MODERN-DAY TRADITIONS: • Freedom to choose among three paths for achieving moksha and the deity to worship • Hindu religion dominates daily life

  11. Hinduism • ATTITUDE TOWARD CASTE SYSTEM: • Ideas of karma & reincarnation strengthened the caste system

  12. Buddhism • FOUNDER: • Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha)

  13. Buddhism • WHO BELIEVERS WORSHIP: • Buddhists do not worship a god

  14. Buddhism • LEADERS: • Buddhist monks & nuns

  15. Buddhism • SACRED TEXTS: • Verses of Righteousness • Written teachings of Buddha & his legends • How-To-Meditate manuals • Rules about monastic life (life in a monastery)

  16. Buddhism * Main ideas come from Four Noble Truths • BASIC BELIEFS: • Seek a state of enlightenment (wisdom) • Ultimate Goal = Nirvana (release from selfishness & pain) • Four Noble Truths: • Life is filled with suffering & sorrow • The cause of all suffering is selfish desire for temporary pleasures • The way to end all suffering is to end all desires • The way to overcome desires is to follow the Eightfold Path • Eightfold Path: • Right Views • Right Resolve • Right Speech • Right Conduct • Right Livelihood • Right Effort • Right Mindfulness • Right Concentration

  17. Buddhism • Separated into 2 sects: Mahayana(New school) and Theravada (Old School)

  18. Buddhism • MODERN-DAY TRADITIONS: • Pilgrimages to sites associated with Buddha’s life • Performing of Buddhist worship rituals

  19. Buddhism • ATTITUDE TOWARD CASTE SYSTEM: • Rejected caste system

  20. Spread of Buddhism • How? • Traders (*Most Important) • Missionaries

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