1 / 20

Bacteria & Viruses

This review provides an overview of bacteria and viruses, their characteristics, structures, and the diseases they cause. It also discusses the spread of infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics and vaccines for prevention and treatment.

ivak
Download Presentation

Bacteria & Viruses

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bacteria & Viruses

  2. Review of Past Knowledge

  3. What are the Characteristics of Organisms? • All living things are composed of cells • All living things perform certain chemical processes (such as growth and digestion) • All living things can reproduce • All living things either make their own nutrients or ingest nutrients (from the environment) • All living things respond to stimuli (such as light and touch)

  4. What are Prokaryotes? • Most microbes are prokaryotes • Exist almost every where on earth • Cells that do not have a nucleus • Contains a rigid cell wall, cytoplasm and ribosomes. • Identifying Prokaryotes: Cell Shape Cell Wall Movement

  5. How are Bacteria Structured? • Enclosed by a cell wall • Contains cytoplasm and hereditary material of the cell • Ribsomes are the only organelle found in the cytoplasm

  6. What are the different Bacterium Shapes? • Cocci~ Sphere shapedbacteria • Bacillus~ Rod shaped bacteria • Spirrillium~ Spiral shaped bacteria • Flagella~ Leg-like structures that help to propel the bacterium.

  7. Characteristics of Bacteria • Can live in a variety of places (with or without O2, extreme hot or cold) • Reproduce through asexual reproduction; can grow and divide extremely rapidly under optimal conditions; can double very quickly • Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics;

  8. What are Viruses? A virus is a non-cellular particle • made up of genetic material and protein • invade living cells and reproduce.

  9. What are Viruses? • Other than the ability to reproduce, viruses lack nearly every characteristic of life • Not composed of cells • Do not respond to stimuli • Do not use energy for growth and development • Need electron microscope to see

  10. How is a virus structured? • DNA or RNA (retrovirus) • Surrounded by protective protein coat (capsid) • Genetic material carries information for multiplication • Hijacks biochemical machinery of host cell to carry these processes out

  11. virus Characteristics • Need a host cell to reproduce • Use enzymes and organelles of host cell to make more viruses usually killing the host cell • Active (i.e. flu) reproduce quickly • Inactive (i.e. HIV) viruses reproduce more slowly • Vaccines (weakened form of pathogen) and some anti-viral drugs may control or prevent the spread • Active immunity: you make antibodies (i.e. hepatitis, measles, etc.) • Passive immunity; antibodies are injected (i.e. rabies)

  12. What is the definition of Disease? • Any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems. • What are Noninfectious diseases? • Noninfectious diseases: Diseases caused by exposure to certain chemicals or traits that are inherited. • What are infectious diseases? • Infectious diseases: Diseases caused by a pathogen . • What is a pathogen? • any microbe that causes disease.

  13. How are Infectious Diseases Spread? • Infectious disease can be spread through: 1. contact with an infected person ex: Influenza (V) 2. contact with a contaminated object ex: Athleteis foot (F) or Influenza (V) 3. contact with an infected animal ex: Lyme Disease (B): Bite from infected tick contact with an environmental source.

  14. How do vectors spread disease? • What is a vector? • Vector is an organism that helps a disease spread • Water and insects serve as vectors • What is a carrier? • Carrier is an organism infected with disease causing microbe • Can transmit to another living thing.

  15. Diseases Caused by Bacteria • How are bacterial infections cured or treated? • Use antibiotics to cure bacterial infections • What are antibiotics? • a chemical that can kill bacteria without harming a person’s cells • What is antibiotic resistance? • when mutant bacteria survive antibiotic treatment and give rise to resistant populations • antibiotic will no longer kill • This is what happens when you do not take medicine completely **Why may the development of “antibiotic resistant” bacteria be harmful to humans?

  16. What are some examples of diseases caused by bacteria? • Anthrax • Lyme Disease • Leprosy • Bacterial Meningitis • Strep Throat • Tuberculosis

  17. How are diseases caused by viruses? • Cause disease by either damaging or killing cells • First attaches itself to a healthy cell and then injects its DNA or RNA into cell • Then replicates inside infected cell • No Cure, just prevention with vaccine. • What are vaccines? • Vaccines: a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific viruses or bacteria.. • Some vaccines still work after infection to lessen severity of illness (Rabies)

  18. What are some examples of diseases caused by viruses? • Rabies • Influenza • West Nile Virus • Viral Meningitis • Polio • Common Cold • AIDS/HIV • Chicken Pox • Small Pox • Yellow Fever * • Ebola • SARS

  19. Measles Rabies Hepatitis H1N1: Swine Flu West Nile Virus H5N1: Avian Flu

  20. Diseases Causes by Protists • the protists that cause each of these diseases are caused by parasites • Parasite is an organism that takes nourishment or habitat from another organism • Most cases do not kill the host • Examples • Dysentery • Malaria *

More Related