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Herbicide Strategies for Vineyards

Herbicide Strategies for Vineyards. Wayne Mitchem Orchard and Vineyard Floor Management Dept. of Horticultural Science. VCSA. Quadratic Relationship. 90. R 2 = 0.57. 80. 70. mm 2. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. VCSA = -0.156(WAP) 2 + 5.7(WAP) + 23.7. 0. 0. 4. 8. 12. 16. 20. 24.

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Herbicide Strategies for Vineyards

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  1. Herbicide Strategies for Vineyards Wayne Mitchem Orchard and Vineyard Floor Management Dept. of Horticultural Science

  2. VCSA Quadratic Relationship 90 R2 = 0.57 80 70 mm2 60 50 40 30 20 10 VCSA = -0.156(WAP)2 + 5.7(WAP) + 23.7 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Weeks Weed-free After Planting

  3. 0 WWF 4 WWF 8 WWF 12 WWF

  4. Weed control should be the primary concern in newly planted and young vineyards because survival and growth can be dramatically influenced.

  5. Effect of Herbicide Strip Width on Grape Yield a ab bc bc Kg/Vine c c 96 b c LSD 0.05 Wilkes Co., NC Buckelew et. al. unpublished

  6. Putting Timing and Chemistry Together Herbicide Program

  7. Grow Tubes Herbicide Options for Newly Planted Vineyards • PRE • Chateau • Oryzalin • Prowl H2O • POST • Rely 280 • Paraquat • Glyphosate • Clethodim (Select) • Poast • Fusilade

  8. Summer Notes:DO NOT apply summer PRE until control from initial application begins to fail (1 to 3” tall weeds). If perennial grasses are a problem it will be necessary to use Fusilade or clethodim. PRE Newly Planted Vineyards

  9. Surflan or Oryzalin oryzalin • 2 to 6 qt/A • Sequential applications • 2.5 months between application • Cannot 12 qt/A in 12 month period • PRE tank mix partners • Simazine • Rimsulfuron • Goal • Trellis • Extend residual control of annual grasses • Orange label or Green label?

  10. Chateau flumioxazin • 6 to 12 oz/A • Use hooded application equipment when applied after flowering • Do not tank mix with glyphosate after bud break • 60 day PHI • PRE and POST activity • Broad spectrum – No activity on nutsedge

  11. Chateau + Glyphosate Issue • Movement of Chateau with glyphosate • Volatilization – NO! • Inversion – Yes! • What causes an inversion? • Layer of cool surface air with warmer air in the immediate atmosphere • Most common occurrence • During calm periods • During the morning. Prevention: Tank mix Chateau with paraquat or Rely after vines leaf out. This problem has not occurred when these herbicides are used in place of glyphosate Chateau injury on apples

  12. Weed Response to Chateau August 1st *March 29th and June 13th were the two application dates. Gramoxone and X-77 were included at each application time for POST weed control.

  13. Summer Notes:DO NOT apply summer PRE until control from initial application begins to fail (1 to 3” tall weeds). If perennial grasses are a problem it will be necessary to use Poast. Fall/Summer Sequential Options for Established Vineyards *Chateau can only be applied after bud break if using hooded application equipment. Do not tank mix with glyphosate

  14. Fall PRE Herbicide Benefit Applied Oct. 31, 2008 * % Bare Ground LSD 0.05 03/19/09 04/30/09

  15. Summer Notes:DO NOT apply summer PRE until control from initial application begins to fail (1 to 3” tall weeds). If perennial grasses are a problem it will be necessary to use Poast. Sequential PRE Programs for Established Vineyards *Chateau can only be applied after bud break if using hooded application equipment. Do not tank mix with glyphosate

  16. Summer Notes:DO NOT apply early May application until control from initial application begins to fail (1 to 3” tall weeds). If perennial grasses are a problem it will be necessary to use Poast. Delayed PRE Options for Established Vineyards

  17. Matrix, Purvin, or Solida rimsulfuron • 4 oz/A • “When applied as a banded treatment (50% band or less) Matrix SG may be applied twice per year. However do not apply more than 4 oz/A on a broadcast basis” • Vines have to be established 1 year or more • 14 day PHI • PRE and POST • Yellow nutsedge activity • PRE + Early POST • Apply prior to emergence followed by 2nd application when 2” to 4” tall • POST + POST • Apply when 2” to 4” tall followed by a second application 14 days later.

  18. Rimsulfuron and Simazine Tank Mixes 128 DAT a a a ab ab b ab % Bare Ground LSD 0.05 Palmer amaranth Bare Ground

  19. Alion….More than a New Herbicide • Alion 1.67 SC • Bayer Crop Science • Indaziflam • Mode of Action • Cellulose biosynthesis-inhibitor (CBI) • Indaziflam is the first in this herbicide family • Application Parameters • 5 fl. oz/A • Do not use on sand • Do not use on soils with a 20% gravel content • Vines have to be planted 12” deep or where there is soil between major portion of roots and soil surface • Grapes est. 5 years or more • 14 day PHI

  20. Alion, Cont’d • PRE Control ONLY! • For Best Results • Apply a uniform spray to debris free soil • Requires 0.25” of rainfall w/in 3 weeks for activation • Weeds Controlled • Broadleaf • Pigweed sp., c. chickweed, hairy fleabane, horseweed, lambsquarters, morningglory sp., prickly sida, purslane, c. ragweed, spotted spurge. • Grasses • Barnyardgrass, cheat, lg. crabgrass, foxtail sp., goosegrass, ryegrass, broadleaf signalgrass, bearded sprangletop, brome grass sp.

  21. Bare Ground Control in September Firestorm Application July 19th a ab ab b c c c September 5

  22. Trellis isoxaben • 0.66 to 1.33 lb/A • Use two applications so long as total use rate does not exceed 1.33 lb/A • Can it be used in newly planted vineyards? • Use “in established non-bearing vineyards” • 165 day PHI • No activity on grass weeds • Galinsoga, henbit, Carolina geranium, horseweed, lambsquarter, nightshade, wild radish, ragweed, smartweed, spotted spurge, prickly sida, purslane, plantain, prickly lettuce, chickweed, eveningprimrose

  23. POST Herbicides POAST

  24. Glyphosate • Rate depends on formulation • PowerMax – 1 to 1.5 pt/A • 41% generic – 0.75 to 1 qt/A • Name Brand or Generic? • Let cost (per acre) be your guide • No difference in rainfastness (on the label) • Crop safety claims for glyphosate tolerant crops • Suggestions • Avoid use first year • Grow tubes a must even in 2nd year • Limit use to 1 but no more than 2 applications • DO NOT apply after June

  25. Rely 280 glufosinate • Availability (not a 1 year problem) • All production directed to Liberty • “Can I use Liberty?” • Not legally! • Rate • 48 to 82 fl. oz/A • Row crop rates are lower – 28 to 32 fl oz/A does a good job. • Restrictions • “Only trunks with callused, mature brown bark should be sprayed unless protected from spray contact with non-porous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers” – Rely 280 Label • Plan on 2 years of protection No Additional Surfactant Needed!

  26. Gramoxone, Firestorm, Parazone, etc. paraquat • Rate • 3 SL (generic formulations) • 1.75 to 2.5 pt/A • 2 SL • 2.5 to 4 pt/A • Use with NIS • Let price (per acre) be your guide • Use grow tubes for 2 years

  27. Bermudagrass • Perennial • Thin leaves, erect hairs on collar region • Root at stem nodes • Spreads via stolons and rhizomes Control – Poast 1.5 pt (6”) fb 1 pt (4”), Fusilade 1.5 pt (8”) fb 1 pt (8”); Always include COC with Poast and Fusilade Photos Courtesy of Virginia Tech and UC Davis, Univ. Missouri

  28. Be Ready for the Next GMO’s • Bayer • 2, 4-D tolerant crops • Soybean • Cotton • Corn • 2014/2015 • Monsanto • Dicamba tolerant crops • Soybean • Cotton • Corn • 2015 • Stacked tolerance with glyphosate or glufosinate A need exists for education of technology users and their neighbors with sensitive crops!!!! The Technology and the Crops Need Protecting

  29. Southeast Regional Bunch Grape Integrated Management Guide http://www.smallfruits.org/ IPM/Production Guides

  30. Surfactants • Designed to improve the dispersing, absorbing, spreading, sticking and /or pest penetration. • Surfactant classes • Non-ionic (NIS) • Gramoxone or Firestorm • Glyphosate (if formulation does not contain a surfactant) • Crop oil concentrates (COC) • Poast, Select • Aim • What should growers use? • Let the label be the guide!

  31. PRE Herbicide Rotation • Prevents selection for weeds a herbicide program does not control • Aids in resistance management • Find at least two PRE herbicide programs and rotate them. • Example • Even years use Chateau program • Odd years use simazine+oryzalin program No herbicide program is so good that it can be used forever without eventually failing

  32. J. Neal Glyphosate Resistant Weeds • Palmer amaranth (NC, SC, and GA) • Chateau PRE is excellent! • Gramoxone POST • Horseweed (NC, SC, TN) • Assume everything east of I-95 is infested with glyphosate resistant horseweed – Dr. Alan York, 2006. • Rely is excellent!

  33. The Trap! Glyphosate! Total POST Control Programs Can Be Costly!

  34. Glyphosate…What is the Sub Lethal Dose? • Multiple Applications • Applications in Late Summer • Symptoms • Cankers • Brittle trunks • Weak trees • Post harvest fruit storage issues http://www.goodfruit.com/Good-Fruit-Grower/September-2010/Use-glyphosate-with-caution/ Photo Source: Mark Longstroth, Michigan State University

  35. Vineyard Weed Management Objectives • Prevent competition • Water • Irrigation efficiency • Nutrients • Newly planted vineyards • Survivability • Growth in formative years • Radiant heat benefit • Worker efficiency • Prevent interference with grape root borer mgt • Aesthetic

  36. Chateau vs. Surflan

  37. Select Max and Various Generics clethodim • Rate • 2 L (generic formulations) • 1.75 to 2.5 pt/A • 1 L (Select Max, Intensity One) • 9 to 16 fl. oz/A • NIS @ 0.25% v/v

  38. Fusilade DX fluazifop • Rate • 12 to 24 fl. oz/A • Do not exceed 72 fl oz/A per year • Surfactants • COC @ 1% v/v • NIS @ 0.25% to 0.5% v/v • 50 day PHI

  39. Poast sethoxydim • Rate • 1 to 2.5 pt/A • Do not exceed 5 pt/A per year • COC @ 2 pt/A • 50 day PHI POAST

  40. Alion Casoron Chateau Devrinol 50 DF Kerb Diuron Rimsulfuron Oryzalin Oxyfluorfen Prowl H2O Simazine Solicam Trellis PRE Herbicides

  41. Princep or Simazine simazine • 2 to 4 qt/A • Make only one application per year. • Vines established at least 3 years • Fall or spring application • Needs a partner for extended PRE annual grass control • Oryzalin • Prowl H20

  42. Karmex, Diuron, or Direx 4L diuron • 2 to 3 lb/A or 1.6 to 2.4 qt/A • Use on vines established at least 3 years. • Soils with 1 to 2 % organic matter • Crabgrass, barnyardgrasss, horseweed, lambsquarter, nightshade, wild radish, ragweed, smartweed, purslane, prickly lettuce, chickweed, morningglory, sowthistle

  43. Rimsulfuron and Simazine Tank Mixes 176 DAT a ab a bc a bc a d b b % Bare Ground LSD 0.05 Palmer amaranth Bare Ground

  44. Persistence of Alion Applied in the Fall % Bare Ground Applied 10/24 4/21 6/2 7/6 8/15

  45. Palmer Amaranth Control in July ab a ab ab b c July 19

  46. Crabgrass Control in September * September 5

  47. Simazine Needs Oryzalin or Prowl H2O 99 DAT a ab ab b LSD 0.05 Glyphosate was included for POST weed control Rainfall within 3 days of application

  48. Spring PRE Tank Mix Trial Alion on Sept 5 Simazine + Surflan on Sept 5 All were applied in combination with Firestorm @ 2 pt/A + NIS @ 0.25 % v/v

  49. Weed Response to Chateau and Oryzalin

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