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Important features for industrial pipes and fittings out of polypropylene PP - Homopolymer and

Important features for industrial pipes and fittings out of polypropylene PP - Homopolymer and PP - Copolymer. CONTENT. Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions. Properties

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Important features for industrial pipes and fittings out of polypropylene PP - Homopolymer and

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  1. Important features for industrial pipes and fittings out of polypropylene PP - Homopolymer and PP - Copolymer

  2. CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  3. GENERAL PROPERTIES PP-H, PP-B and PP-R • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions • high creep strength • very good chemical resistance • resistance against microorganisms • high heat reversion resistance • very good abrasion properties • good weldability • no deposits / no increments • excellent acoustic damping characteristics • very good thermoformable

  4. GENERAL PROPERTIES PP-Types General description • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions PP-H (Polypropylene Homopolymer) The Homopolymer consists of macro-molecules, which are built of only one polymer: P - P - P - P - P - P - P - P - P - P PP-B (Polypropylene Block Copolymer) The Block Copolymer consists of macro-molecules, where Ethylene is included in block form up to 12 % (standard < 7%): P - P - P - P + P - P - E - E -P - P - P - E PP-R (Polypropylene Random Copolymer) The Random Copolymer is built of molecules, where a certain content (2-7%) if Ethylene is embedded statically distributed: E - P - E - P - P - P - E - P - P - P

  5. GENERAL PROPERTIES PP in comparison Crystal structure • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions PP-Homopolymer withroughsperulitic super lattices (PP-H a-nucleated) PP-Homopolymer with fine crystallic structure (PP-H b-nucleated) PP-Random Copolymer with fine crystallic structure

  6. GENERAL PROPERTIES PP in comparison General properties / part 1 • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  7. GENERAL PROPERTIES PP in comparison General properties / part 2 • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  8. CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ

  9. CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  10. PP-H PP-R 50,0 50,0 40,0 40,0 30,0 30,0 10°C 20°C 20,0 20,0 10°C 30°C 40°C 20°C 50°C 30°C 60°C 40°C 70°C 50°C 10,0 10,0 9,0 9,0 80°C 60°C ] ] 8,0 8,0 2 2 70°C 90°C 7,0 7,0 [N/mm [N/mm 95°C 80°C 6,0 6,0 s v v s 90°C 5,0 5,0 95°C 4,0 4,0 Vergleichspannung Vergleichspannung 3,0 3,0 2,0 2,0 1,0 1,0 0,9 0,9 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,7 1 10 25 50 100 1 10 25 50 100 0,6 0,6 Standzeit [Jahre] Standzeit [Jahre] 0,5 0,5 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 6 0,1 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 0,1 Standzeit [h] Standzeit [h] CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Creep behaviour of pipes out of PP acc. to DIN 8077 PP-H and PP-R • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  11. PP-H 10,0 9,0 PP-R 8,0 7,0 2 [N/mm ] 6,0 s v 5,0 PP-B 4,0 Hoop stress 3,0 2,0 1 10 25 50 100 Time to fail [years] 1,0 6 2 3 4 5 0,1 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 Time to fail [h] CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Creep behaviour of pipes out of PP acc. to DIN 8077 at 60°C • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  12. 10,0 9,0 PP-H 8,0 7,0 PP-R 6,0 5,0 4,0 PP-B 2 3,0 [N/mm ] s v 2,0 Hoop Stress 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 1 10 25 50 100 0,6 Time to fail [years] 0,5 6 2 3 4 5 0,1 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 Time to fail [h] CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Creep behaviour of pipes out of PP acc. to DIN 8077 at 80°C • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  13. = Safety factor 1,25 1,6 1,4 1,25 CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Allowed working excess pressure acc. to DIN 8077 for media water • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  14. Y-gate Hoop Stress [N/mm²] Back gate Ring gate Side gate log. s log. t Stress duration [h] CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Time to fail of injection moulded components / gating system • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  15. CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Time to fail of injection moulded components / creep tests acc. to DIN 8078 tees SDR 11 • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  16. CREEP STRENGTH OF PIPE AND FITTING Shrinkage behaviour and voids Machined stub flange out of PPH • Properties • Creep strength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  17. CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ þ

  18. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  19. 6,00 5,00 4,00 Weight changes in percent [%] 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 3 7 14 28 56 84 Immersions period in days[d] 01 - PPH natural, - 05 - PPR natural, - 06 - PPR grey, TiO2 03 - PPH grey, TiO2 02 - PPH grey, TiO2 04 - PPH grey, ZnS 08 - PPR grey, ZnS 10 - PPB grey, ZnS 09 - PPB grey, TiO2 07 - PPR grey, TiO2 / ZnS CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP Comparison of weight changes PP-molding materials in HCl+MCB+o-DCB at 60°C • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  20. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP Chemical resistance of PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Pipe and fitting out of PP with ZnS color pigmentation after the application in a hydrochloric acid pipe system

  21. 10,0 9,0 8,0 2 7,0 [N/mm ] PP-H 6,0 s v 5,0 PP-R 4,0 Hoope stress 3,0 PP-B 2,0 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 1 10 25 50 100 0,6 Time to fail [years] 0,5 2 3 4 5 6 0,1 1,0 10 10 10 10 10 10 Time to fail [h] CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP Chemical resistance of PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Caustic soda solution 50%, T=80°C, creep test

  22. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Times to fail of different PP moulding materials at the creep test at 80°C in 40% caustic soda solution, test tension: 5,5 N/mm²

  23. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Stress crack formation because of temperature loading, production dependent internal stresses and chemical influence

  24. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PP Internal stresses in the welding zone • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions • Maximum internal stresses (tensile) often appear in the area of the bead notch • Due to a loading, an additional superimposition of further stresses results. • A failure of the component (welding joint) starts from the bead notch.

  25. CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ þ þ

  26. RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  27. Test specimen for Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) geometry fracture photomicrograph clamp sheet notch pipe clamp RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION FNCT Description of the specimen • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  28. FNCT-results (times to fail) of polypropylene, tested in water under 2% wetting agent influence (Arkopal N100) 900 841 800 700 622 600 500 t [h] 397 387 400 267 300 164 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 PP-R PP-R PP-H PP-H PP-H PP-B (Type B) (Type D) (Type S, a -nucleated) ( b -nucleated) ( a -nucleated) (Type B) Material RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions

  29. RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions FNCT-results (times to fail) of polypropylene specimen, tested in water under 2% wetting agent influence (Arkopal N-100)

  30. RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK PROPAGATION • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slow crack • Propagation • Conclusions Currently demanded minimum values in FNCT (times to fail) for PP-moulding materials (2% Arkopal N-100) from the DIBt

  31. CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ þ þ þ

  32. CONCLUSIONS • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions

  33. CONCLUSIONS PPH, PPB and PPR in comparison • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions Advantages PP-H • high creep strength at low temperatures • higher E-module, larger support distances are possible • lower raw material price

  34. CONCLUSIONS PPH, PPB and PPR in comparison • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions Advantages PP-B • better shrinkage behaviour, therefore no voids and larger injection moulding parts are possible • lower internal stress potential • high viscosity • very high impact resistance

  35. CONCLUSIONS PPH, PPB and PPR in comparison • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions Advantages PP-R • high creep strength at high temperatures • higher resistance against slow crack propagation • higher pressure loadability • better shrinkage behaviour, therefore no voids and larger injection moulding parts are possible • lower internal stress potential • high viscosity

  36. CONCLUSIONS Typical application ranges of PP-types • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions PP-Homopolymer: • Semi-finished products for the tank construction • Pipes for industrial applications PP-Block Copolymer: • Piping systems for sewage water technology • (underground installations) PP-Random Copolymer: • Piping systems for high pressure and temperature loadings (systems for industrial water use) • Welding rod • Injection moulding components (specially in larger dimensions)

  37. CONCLUSIONS Modified PP-moulding materials • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions PP-R, black: UV-stabilization because of high content of carbon black (impact resistance decreases) PP-R, natural: High purity applications, as no color additives are included PP-H-s:Flame retarding Homopolymer, e.g. for the application in ventilation, exhaust or chimney systems PP-R-s-el: Flame retarding Random Copolymer, which is mostly used for the transport of slightly ignitable media because of its electrical conductivity

  38. Bends 90°out of PP up to d500 in SDR 33, 17,6 and 11 Tees out of PP up to d 500 in SDR 33, 17,6 and 11 Backing rings out of PP/St up to d 630 for max. working excess pressures of 10 bar CONCLUSIONS Injection moulded components for Pressure piping systems • Properties • Creepstrength • chemical • Resistance • Slowcrack • Propagation • Conclusions

  39. CONTENT Description and general properties Creep strength of pipe and fitting Chemical resistance Resistance against slow crack Propagation Conclusions þ þ þ þ þ

  40. T +43 (0) 7258 790 - 0 F+43 (0) 7258 3863 Eoffice@agru.at AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbH Ing.-Pesendorfer-Str. 31 A-4540 Bad Hall Austria / EU www.agru.at THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION Subject to errors of typesetting, misprints and modifications. Illustration are generic and for reference only!

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