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The Immune System

The Immune System. By Frederick Oliver Warrender Danny Toms Kiley Quinn. Intro to the Immune System. Complex structures and processes within the body that protect against disease Able to detect a wide variety of disease Involves cell-mediated and humoral response to disease

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The Immune System

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  1. The Immune System By Frederick Oliver Warrender Danny Toms Kiley Quinn

  2. Intro to the Immune System • Complex structures and processes within the body that protect against disease • Able to detect a wide variety of disease • Involves cell-mediated and humoral response to disease • Adapts to defend against evolving viruses and pathogens

  3. Components • Thymus • Spleen • Lymphatic System • Bone Marrow • White Blood Cells • Antibodies • Humoral Response • Cell-mediated Response

  4. Cell-mediated Response • Involves activation of specialized cells, such as T lymphocytes, for immunization • Activates killer macrophages and natural killer cells to destroy pathogens • Influences adaptive immune responses and innate immune responses

  5. Humoral Response • Production of antibodies and the accessory processes that accompany them • B cells turn into plasma cells which are able to secrete antibodies • Antibodies bind to antigens, which are then flagged for destruction

  6. Thymus • Located in front of the heart and behind the sternum • Immature cells from bone marrow enter the thymus and develop T cell receptors • A selection process in the thymus eliminates dysfunctional T cells and chooses functional T cells • The functional T cells reach maturity and are secreted

  7. Spleen • Red Pulp- Mechanically filters red blood cells • White Pulp- Active immune response through both cell-mediated and humoral response • Creates red blood cells and lymphocytes

  8. Lymphatic System • Part of the circulatory system • Carries lymph, which is recycled blood plasma • Removes interstitial fluids from tissue • Absorbs and transports fats and fatty acids • Transports white blood cells to the lymph nodes and bones

  9. Bone Marrow • Flexible tissue inside bones • Produces 500 billion blood cells per day • Produces lymphocytes for the immune system response

  10. Antibodies • Also known as immunoglobulins • Each respond to a specific bacteria, virus, or toxin • Once bound to an antigen, the antibody can stop movement of the antigen and signal T cells to destroy the antigen

  11. White Blood Cells • The most important part of the immune system • A wide variety of different cells that work together to destroy pathogens • Includes T cells, B cells, Natural Killer Cells, Macrophages, Lymphocytes, and many more

  12. A slide with no useful information at all • Just filling in the gap between the last slide and the next one (which will be along in just a moment). • No need to write this down, unless you feel compelled to do so. • Nothing on this slide is examinable. • In fact, I'm not really sure why I bothered with it.

  13. Ways to hurt the Immune System • Mechanical Damage- such as breaking a bone • Genetic Disease- caused by a coding error in the DNA • Malnutrition- not getting enough vitamins and minerals for proper function • Cancer- uncontrollable cell reproduction • HIV/AIDS- destroys T cells

  14. HIV/AIDS • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Attacks immune system cells by reproducing inside T cells and killing them in the process • Without the T cells the immune system collapses and the victim is extremely vulnerable to otherwise harmless diseases

  15. Cancer • Abnormal cells reproduce and grow uncontrollably, creating tumors • The cancer cells may spread throughout the body using the lymphatic system or bloodstream • There are many types of cancer and many ways it is caused, such as radiation from sunlight, tobacco use, pollutants, etc. • The symptoms of cancer usually depend on the type of cancer

  16. Lupus • The immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissue • Antibodies become unable to discriminate antigens from healthy tissue, and attack both • Affects skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, blood, and joints • Causes inflammation and damage to organs and joints

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