Topic: Respiratory System Aim : Describe the parts & functions of the Respiratory System.

1. Topic: Respiratory System Aim: Describe the parts & functions of the Respiratory System. Do Now: Why do we breathe? HW:

2. Did you know… • Every minute you breathe in 13 pints of air. • The blast of air being released during a cough comes out speeds greater than 100 miles per hour. • During sneezing, secretions of the nose are being expelled as droplets (more than 6,000) up to 10 feet at very high speeds (up to 40 miles per hour). • People tend to get more colds in the winter because we're indoors more often and close to other people. When people sneeze, cough and even breathe, germs go flying!

3. Function • GAS EXCHANGE of O2 & CO2 bw organism & environment

4. Path of Air

5. 1. Nose

6. Nasal cavity

7. Warms, moistens, filters air • ciliatedmucus membrane

9. Usually a sneeze is started by tickling or irritation of the nerve endings of the membranes lining the inside of your nose. The sneezing reflex is useful in blowing out of your nose any dust particles causing irritation. It is an involuntary, sudden, violent, audible expulsion of air through the nose and mouth.

11. 2. Pharynx

12. Throat • Cavity in back of mouth

13. 3. Epiglottis

14. Covers trachea when swallowing to prevent choking

15. 4. Larynx

16. Voice box

17. Contains vocal cords (produce sound)

18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_ZGqn1tZn8

19. 5. Trachea

20. Windpipe

21. Made of rings of cartilage (hold it open)

22. Lined with cilia & mucous

24. 6. Bronchi

25. Two main branches enter lungs

26. Lined with cartilage & cilia

28. 7. Bronchioles

29. Very small tubes • End at alveoli

30. Coughing is an important part of the body’s defense system. It forcefully propels unwanted invaders up and out of the body. Coughing is a reflex action started by stimulation of nerves in the lining of the respiratory tubes we use to breathe. The blast of air being released comes out scrubbing and clearing the airway of dust, dirt or excessive secretions. Maindex

31. 8. Alveoli

32. Air sacs • Where gas exchange occurs

33. Surrounded by capillaries

34. Gas exchange a. Alveoli fill up O2

35. b. O2 DIFFUSESinto capillaries c. CO2 & H2O vapor DIFFUSESout of capillaries into alveoli

36. Sheet of muscle under lungs Aids in breathing

38. A D B C E F G H I

39. Breathing Inhalation air travels INTO lungs Exhalation  air pushed OUT OF lungs Involves the diaphragm & rib cage muscles

40. Inhalation

41. Diaphragm moves DOWN (contracts) • Rib cage expands • Less pressure • Air rushes in

42. Exhalation

43. Diaphragm moves UP (relaxes) • Rib cage relaxes • More pressure • Air forced out

44. What controls breathing rate?

45. Brain  MEDULLA • Detects the level of CO2 in the blood

46. Let’s summarize: • Explain the function of the respiratory system. • List the structures air passes through when you inhale. • Explain the function of the ciliated mucus membrane. • Identify the structure that produces sound. • Why are the trachea and bronchi lined with cartilage? • Where does gas exchange occur? • Describe the process of gas exchange. • Describe how the diaphragm helps you breathe. • Which gas regulates breathing rate?

47. A C B

48. Review: Put the following structures in order to show the path of air when inhaling. Larynx Bronchi Trachea Alveoli Nasal cavity Bronchioles Pharynx

49. In sensitive people, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing allergens. Common allergen triggers include: • Animals (pet hair or dander) • Dust • Mold • Pollen • Chemicals in the air or in food • Tobacco smoke Other asthma triggers include: • Changes in weather (most often cold weather) • Exercise • Respiratory infections, such as the common cold • Strong emotions (stress)

50. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus, as well as shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. There are two main types. • With chronic bronchitis, the inflamed bronchi produce a lot of mucus which leads to cough and difficulty getting breathing. It is most often cased by cigarette smoke. Breathing in other fumes and dusts over a long period of time may also cause chronic bronchitis. This a long-term condition that keeps coming back or never goes away completely. • Acute bronchitis can be caused by viruses or bacteria. These viruses spread through the air when people cough, or through physical contact (for example, on unwashed hands). Most cases of acute bronchitis get better within several days.