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May 13

May 13. Focus Question: How did Rome expand from a republic to an empire? Warm Up: Write your first and last name at the top of the index card. Answer the following: What is a republic ? What is an empire ?

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May 13

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  1. May 13 Focus Question: How did Rome expand from a republic to an empire? Warm Up: Write your first and last name at the top of the index card. Answer the following: What is a republic? What is an empire? Assignment: Create a poster on one of the phases of Rome’s expansion from a republic to an empire. Follow the directions provided on your group sheet. Exit Pass: On the back of your index card write one new fact you learned about the Roman Empire from you research today.

  2. May 14 Focus Question: How did Rome expand from a republic to an empire? Warm Up: Get your poster. Check the directions with your poster. Turn the direction sheet in to your teacher. (Wait until instructed to do so) Assignment: Gallery walk. Fill in the chart as you move to each poster – listing key events and positive and negative effects on Rome. 7 Labors of Mythology: Introduction to class activity set for May 15, 19, and 22.

  3. May 15 Warm Up: Get out a pencil. If you have a C or higher you will be going to the media for the mythology enrichment activity. If you have a D or F please get out your binder and prepare to work on missing assignments. Assignment: Enrich in the media center Make up work in the classroom. Complete the assignments and raise your grade to participate in the enrichment activity.

  4. May 16 Focus Question: How did Rome expand from a republic to an empire? Warm Up: Get your poster. Hang your poster in the same place it was hanging on Wednesday. Assignment: Gallery walk. Fill in the chart as you move to each poster – listing key events and positive and negative effects on Rome. PowerPoint: Check the key events and positive and negative effects. Correct your paper – add any missing facts!

  5. May 20 – Joint class with Mrs. Bartman Focus Question: How did Rome expand from a republic to an empire? Warm Up: Get out your Poster Expansion Chart. Assignment: • PowerPoint: Check the key events and positive and negative effects. Correct your paper – add any missing facts!

  6. May 21 Focus Question: How did Rome expand from a republic to an empire? What was it like to live in ancient Rome? Warm Up: Get out your Poster Expansion Chart. Assignment: • PowerPoint: Check the key events and positive and negative effects. Correct your paper – add any missing facts! – Finish, if necessary – Questions • Video on daily life in Rome

  7. Republic • A form of government with elected leaders • Political system in which a country is ruled by law, has representative government and is democratic in nature

  8. Empire • A large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government

  9. Ch 34 From Republic to Empire • Introduction • From Republic to Empire: An Overview • Rome's Conquest of the Italian Peninsula, 509 to 264 BCE • Overseas Expansion During the Punic Wars, 264 BCE to 146 BCE • Expansion During the Final Years of the Republic, 145 BCE to 44 BCE • Rome Becomes an Empire, 44 BCE to 14 CE • Summary

  10. Introduction • Expansion of Rome took about 500 years • 509 BCE to 14 CE • Included most of Europe as well as North Africa, Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor • Growth happened gradually • Had to fight countless wars • Government changed • Elected leaders • Single supreme rule worshipped as a god

  11. From Republic to Empire: An Overview • The First Period of Expansion • 509 BCE • Romans drove out the last Etruscan king • Rome became a republic • Goal to protect their borders and gain more land • For 245 years they fought one enemy after another • Conquered Latin neighbors in central Italy • Defeated their old masters, the Etruscans • Made allies of their former enemies • 264 BCE controlled all Italy • The Second Period of Expansion • 264 to 146 BCE Rome and Carthage fought three major wars • Rome gained control of North Africa, much of Spain, Sicily, Macedonia, and Greece • The Third Period of Expansion • 145 to 44 BCE Rome came to rule the entire Mediterranean world • Rome took control of Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt • Julius Caesar conquered much of Gaul ( France) • Troubled with civil wars • Roman generals became dictators • Roman army fought the Senate • Caesar ruled as a dictator • Killed in 44 BCE • Murderers thought they were saving the Senate • Caesar's grandnephew, Octavian, seized power • Given the name Augustus • Roman empire governed by a supreme ruler • The Fourth Period of Expansion • Beginning of the empire • Territory stretched from the island of Britain to the Black Sea

  12. Rome's Conquest of the Italian Peninsula, 509 to 264 BCE • Etruscan king overthrown in 509 BCE • 493 BCE Romans leaders signed a treaty with Latin neighbors • "There shall be peace between the Romans and all the communities of Latins as long as heaven and earth endure." • Fought wars against Etruscans and other tribes living in the hills around Rome • 390 BCE a band of Gauls crushed the army and entered the city • 300's BCE Rome conquered the Etruscans and many neighboring tribes • Samnites • Several Greek cities • 275 BCE conquest of the Italian peninsula was complete • Result • Rome had to keep a large, permanent army • Rome treated conquered peoples differently • Some defeated people were allowed to become Roman citizens • Some received limited privileges • Roman allies had to pay Roman taxes and supply soldiers + - - + -

  13. Overseas Expansion During the Punic Wars, 264 BCE to 146 BCE • Carthage • Held North Africa, most of Spain, and part of Sicily • Controlled most trade in the western Mediterranean • Trade disputes occurred with Greek cities in southern Italy • First Punic War (264 BCE) • Fought mostly at sea • Romans copied the Carthaginians' ship designs • Sea victory in 241 BCE won the war for the Romans • Took over Sicily and other islands • Second Punic War (218 BCE) • Carthaginians attacked Italy • Hannibal led a surprise attack against the Romans • Marched his army from Spain across the Alps • Troops rode elephants • fought the Romans for 15 years • 202 BCE, Hannibal returned home to defend Carthage • Defeated • Carthage gave Spain to Rome with huge sums of money • Third Punic War (146 BCE) • Peace ended after 50 years when the senator, Cato, demanded the destruction of Carthage • Lasted 3 years • Carthage was burnt to the ground

  14. Overseas Expansion During the Punic Wars, 264 BCE to 146 BCE • Result • Expanded Roman power and territory • Countless soldiers died in the long wars • People living outside of Rome suffered huge losses • Hannibal's armies destroyed thousands of farms • Farms neglected while farmers went to fight in the armies • Small farms were replaced with large estates • Poor farmers had to sell their land • New ideas came from Greece • Wealthy competed to build Greek-style homes and temples + - - - - - +

  15. Expansion During the Final Years of the Republic, 145 BCE to 44 BCE • More wars • Rome's allies rebelled in 91 BCE • Allies Complaints • Forced to pay Roman taxes • Forced to fight in Roman armies • No rights as a citizen • Result • All free Italians became Roman citizens • Slave revolts • Hundreds of thousands of conquered people came to Roman lands • Turned into slaves laboring on farms and in the city • Spartacus led a revolt in 73 BCE • Spartacus killed • other rebels hung on crosses +

  16. Expansion During the Final Years of the Republic, 145 BCE to 44 BCE • Ambitious generals • Used armies to gain fame and then fight for power in Rome • Pompey and Julius Caesar • Pompey expanded Roman rule in Syria and Cyprus • Gained the support of the Roman Senate • Caesar conquered much of Gaul • Caesar forbidden to enter Italy with his army • Defeated Pompey after three years of fighting • Senate named Caesar dictator for life • Introduced many reforms • Gave work to thousands of Romans • New roads • built public buildings • Staged free gladiator contests • Adopted a new calendar • Caesar's vision for Rome • Started new colonies • granted citizenship to people in Gaul and Spain • Killed on March 15, 44 BCE entering the Senate • Republican form of government came to an end + + + + + + -

  17. Rome Becomes an Empire, 44 BCE to 14 CE • 10 years of civil war • Octavian becomes supreme ruler in 31 BCE • Defeated Marc Antony and Cleopatra in a sea battle near Actium, Greece • Senate gave him the title Augustus, "revered" • Encouraged education, art, and literature • Completed grand construction projects • Repaired more than 80 ruined temples • Gave Rome its first police force, firefighters, and library • Ruled over 50 million people • Turned eastern kingdoms like Judea and Armenia into Roman provinces • Pushed borders to natural boundaries • The Rhine and Danube Rivers in the north • Sahara Desert in the south • the Atlantic Ocean in the west + + + + + +

  18. Rome Becomes an Empire, 44 BCE to 14 CE • Result • Augustus reformed Roman morals • Harshly punished people for unfaithfulness to husband or wife • Established a private army, the Praetorian Guard • 200 years of peace • Period called the PaxRomana or Roman Peace • Defense became challenging and costly + -

  19. Summary • Rome became a great empire • Four main periods of expansion • Empire last 500 years

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