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Presentation 20 – The Hard Drive Interface

Presentation 20 – The Hard Drive Interface. Objectives. At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:. Identify and describe the differences, strengths, and specifications of IDE. Define IDE, ATA, PATA, and SATA.

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Presentation 20 – The Hard Drive Interface

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  1. Presentation 20 – The Hard Drive Interface

  2. Objectives At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

  3. Identify and describe the differences, strengths, and specifications of IDE. • Define IDE, ATA, PATA, and SATA. • Identify the cables and connectors used with the various types of PATA and SATA drives. • Discuss Master/slave/cable select (CSEL) including jumper settings in PATA drives. • Explain why the hard drive interface technology changed from parallel transfers to serial transfers. • Discuss the difference between the PATA and SATA standards.

  4. Physical Drive Logical Drive

  5. C: Heath 40 GB D: Heathkit 20 GB Disk 0 60 GB

  6. Disk2 Disk0 G: 40GB C: 60GB H: 40GB D: 50GB 20GB 10GB K:50GB Disk3 Disk1 I: 40GB E: 60GB J: 30GB F: 50GB 10GB 10GB

  7. Mass Storage Interfaces: • IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics • SCSI – Small Computer System Interface

  8. Evolution of the Mass Storage Interface Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) ESDI ST-506/412 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

  9. IDE versus SCSI • IDE used predominately in PCs. • IDE costs less than SCSI. • IDE developed primarily for “inside-the-case” technology. • IDE has severe restrictions on cable length. • IDE allows one master and one slave for each IDE connector on the motherboard. • Each master/slave pair requires a different IRQ. • IDE provides excellent performance in a single-user, single-tasking operating system.

  10. IDE versus SCSI • SCSI is inherently more expensive than IDE. • SCSI used predominately in Servers and Workstations. • In multi-user, multitasking situations, SCSI is faster than IDE. • SCSI allows more devices and a greater variety of devices to be connected to the computer. • When multiple devices are used, SCSI requires fewer computer resources than IDE.

  11. Motherboard IDE Drives Slave Master

  12. Motherboard IDE Drives Secondary Slave Primary Slave Secondary Master Primary Master

  13. Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) • A generic term for any drive with a built-in disk controller. • More properly called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) interface because that is the name assigned by the American National Standards Institute for this interface standard.

  14. PIO vs. DMA • Programmed I/O (PIO) – The CPU is used to transfer data. • Direct Memory Access (DMA) – The CPU is not involved.

  15. Bus Mastering • A technique that allows an intelligent device to seize control of the bus to perform its task without CPU intervention. • Allows the transfer of data from one device to another at the maximum speed that the bus supports.

  16. The ATA Standards • ATA • ATA-2 • ATA-3 • ATA/ATAPI-4 • ATA/ATAPI-5 • ATA/ATAPI-6 • ATA/ATAPI-7 • Serial ATA or SATA

  17. ATA • Also known as IDE • Hard disk drive interface standard • Supports PIO modes 0, 1, and 2 and DMA mode 0 • PIO 0 transfer rate 3.3 megabytes/second • PIO 1 transfer rate 5.2 megabytes/second • PIO 2 transfer rate 8.3 megabytes/second • DMA 0 transfer rate 2.1 to 8.3 megabytes/second • Uses a 40-pin, 40-conductor cable

  18. ATA-2 • Also known as EIDE or Fast ATA • Enhanced BIOS offered new addressing method—LBA (Logical Block Addressing) • PCI bus combined expanded data bus width with increased speed • Operating system recognized new BIOS features • Used a 40-pin, 40-conductor cable

  19. ATA-2 • Supported PIO modes 3 and 4 • PIO 3 transfer rate 11.1 megabytes/second • PIO 4 transfer rate 16.7 megabytes/second • Supported DMA modes 1 and 2 • DMA 1 transfer rate 13.3 megabytes/second • DMA 2 transfer rate 16.7 megabytes/second • Supported ATA legacy transfer rates

  20. ATA-3 • ATA-3 was a minor standard update • Data transfer reliability improved, but 40-pin, 40-conductor cable remained limited to a maximum length of 18 inches • Added SMART (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology) • Password protection

  21. ATAPI • AT Attachment Packet Interface • Separate standard covering CD-ROM and tape drive storage devices • Not part of the ATA hard disk drive standard • Uses a 40-pin, 40-conductor cable

  22. ATA/ATAPI-4 • ATAPI added to the ATA standard • Hard drives, CD-ROM drives, tape drives, and similar devices share same interface standard for first time • Introduces Ultra DMA to the PC

  23. ATA/ATAPI-4 • Adds CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Checking)

  24. ATA/ATAPI-4 • 40-pin, 80-conductor cable now optional

  25. ATA/ATAPI-4 • Supports Ultra DMA modes 0, 1, and 2 • Ultra DMA mode 0 transfer rate 16.7 MB/sec • Ultra DMA mode 1 transfer rate 25 MB/sec • Ultra DMA mode 2 transfer rate 33.3 MB/sec • Ultra DMA mode 2 is also known as UDMA/33, UDMA mode 2, and Ultra ATA/33

  26. ATA/ATAPI-4 • DMA and Ultra DMA support Burst mode • Bust mode is the maximum transfer rate • Bust mode is not sustainable over time • Long-term transfers are about half the rate of Burst mode

  27. ATA/ATAPI-5 • Support for Ultra DMA modes 3 and 4 • Ultra DMA mode 3 transfer rate 44.4 MB/sec • Ultra DMA mode 4 transfer rate 66.7 MB/sec • Ultra DMA mode 4 is also known as UDMA/66, UDMA mode 4, and Ultra ATA/66 • Requires a 40-pin, 80-conductor cable

  28. ATA/ATAPI-6 • Support for Ultra DMA mode 5 • Burst rate 100 MB/sec • Ultra DMA mode 5 is also known as UDMA/100 and Ultra ATA/100 • Requires a 40-pin, 80-conductor cable

  29. ATA/ATAPI-6 • CHS addressing no longer supported • LBA addresses extended from 28-bit to 48-bit lengths (228 vs. 248) • Drives up to 137 GB in size may use either 28-bit or 48-bit addressing • Drives greater than 137 GB must use 48-bit addressing • Drive capacities to 144 PB (144 petabytes)

  30. ATA/ATAPI-7 • The last standard to support parallel data • Support for Ultra DMA mode 6 • Burst rate 133 MB/sec • Ultra DMA mode 6 is also known as UDMA/133 and Ultra ATA/133 • Requires a 40-pin, 80-conductor cable

  31. 1 39 2 40 1 43 2 44 ATA Interface Connectors Extra 4 pins supply power

  32. 1 43 2 44 ATA Interface Connectors 1 39 2 40 Pin 20 Blocked

  33. 1 43 2 44 ATA Interface Connectors 1 39 2 40 Tab

  34. Pin 1 on the cable is marked. Pin 1

  35. Typical ATA Hard Drive Connectors 8-pin Jumper Connector 40-pin IDE Cable Connector 4-pin Power Connector

  36. Jumper Block S L C S M A

  37. M A SL CS Single Drive Master Drive With Slave Slave Drive

  38. The Cable Select Option M A SL CS

  39. Jumper Block DS CS/SP

  40. DS CS/SP Master Drive Master Drive With Slave Present Slave Drive Cable Select

  41. Parallel ATA Versus Serial ATA • All the technologies discussed up to now have been parallel. • The data bits are transferred in parallel, usually 32 bits at a time. • Referred to today as PATA. • Serial ATA or SATA allows higher transfer rates.

  42. SATA • Serial AT Attachment (SATA) standard • Data storage standard • Interface transparent to operating system • Supports previous parallel ATA standards • Data transfer rates up to 300 MB/sec are common.

  43. SATA Interface Signal Contacts Signal Cable Connector Drive Socket Assembly Cable Assemblies

  44. SATA Interface Drive Socket Assembly Power Contacts Power Supply Cable Connector Cable Assemblies

  45. SATA Interface Drive Socket Assembly Manufacturer Test Pins Cable Assemblies

  46. SATA Hard Disk Drive Power Adapter Plug Test Pins Power Connector Signal Connector

  47. End

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