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MINERALS

MINERALS. ORDERED ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Emerald (beryl). DISORDERED ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Beer bottles, windows (glass). What is a mineral?. Ions are bonded together to form minerals. Halite (NaCl). Physical Properties of Minerals - depends on chemical composition and crystal composition.

isaiah-lester
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MINERALS

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  1. MINERALS

  2. ORDERED ATOMIC STRUCTURE Emerald (beryl) DISORDERED ATOMIC STRUCTURE Beer bottles, windows (glass) What is a mineral?

  3. Ions are bonded together to form minerals Halite (NaCl)

  4. Physical Properties of Minerals - depends on chemical composition and crystal composition • Luster • Hardness • Cleavage/Fracture • Streak • Form/Habit • Density

  5. Diamond (C) Graphite (C)

  6. Metallic Luster (= like metal) Pyrite Galena

  7. Non-Metallic Luster (Vitreous = like glass) Quartz Halite

  8. Streak (color of mineral in powdered form) hematite only useful for metallic minerals

  9. Cleavage

  10. Fracture (uneven broken surface = like plate glass) Examples: Obsidian; quartz

  11. External Crystal Forms

  12. Reaction w/ dilute HCl (or vinegar) Calcite (CaCO3) = vigorous reaction on all surfaces Dolomite (Ca,Mg)CO3= mild reaction on powder; scratch then add acid

  13. Density and Specific Gravity • Density (ρ) = mass/volume (gm/cm3; typical range 2 to 8 gm/cm3) • Specific Gravity (G) = mass of mineral ÷ mass of equivalent volume of H2O at 1 atm and 4ºC. • = ρmineral / ρwater; ρwater = 1; and thus G ≈ ρmineral

  14. Other Properties • magnetism (only for magnetite) • color (helpful, but not diagnostic)

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