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Table of Contents

Table of Contents. Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Properties of Magma Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Landforms. - Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics. Volcanoes and Plate Boundaries. Volcanic belts form along the boundaries of Earth’s plates. - Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics.

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Table of Contents

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  1. Table of Contents • Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics • Properties of Magma • Volcanic Eruptions • Volcanic Landforms

  2. - Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanoes and Plate Boundaries • Volcanic belts form along the boundaries of Earth’s plates.

  3. - Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanoes and Plate Boundaries • Volcanoes often form where two oceanic plates collide or where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. In both situations, an oceanic plate sinks through a trench. Rock above the plate melts to form magma, which then erupts to the surface as lava.

  4. - Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Hot Spot Volcanoes • A volcano forms above a hot spot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface.

  5. Questions Answers - Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Asking Questions • Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a where, what, or how question for each heading. As you read, write the answers to your questions. Where are volcanoes found? Most volcanoes are found along plate boundaries. A hot spot is an area where material from deep within the mantle rises and then melts, forming magma. What are hot spots?

  6. - Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics More on Volcanoes • Click the PHSchool.com button for an activityabout volcanoes.

  7. End of Section:Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics

  8. - Properties of Magma Magma Composition • Magma varies in composition and is classified according to the amount of silica it contains. The graphs show the average composition of the two types of magma. Use the graphs to answer the questions.

  9. Silica, other oxides, and other solids. Reading Graphs: Study both graphs. What materials make up both types of magma? - Properties of Magma Magma Composition

  10. Rhyolite-forming magma; about 70 percent. Reading Graphs: Which type of magma has more silica? About how much silica does this type of magma contain? - Properties of Magma Magma Composition

  11. About 60 percent Estimating: A third type of magma has a silica content that is halfway between that of the other two types. About how much silica does this type of magma contain? - Properties of Magma Magma Composition

  12. Rhyolite-forming magma would have higher viscosity because it is higher in silica. Predicting: What type of magma would have a higher viscosity? Explain. - Properties of Magma Magma Composition

  13. - Properties of Magma Identifying Main Ideas • As you read the section “Types of Viscosity of Magma,” write the main idea in a graphic organizer like the one below. Then write three supporting details that further explain the main idea. Main Idea Magma’s viscosity depends on its physical and chemical properties. Detail Detail Detail Magma is made of elements and of compounds, among them silica. Viscosity is a property of magma. Viscosity depends on silica content and temperature.

  14. - Properties of Magma Links on the Properties of Magma • Click the SciLinks button for links on theproperties of magma.

  15. End of Section:Properties of Magma

  16. - Volcanic Eruptions Magma Reaches Earth’s Surface • When a volcano erupts, the force of the expanding gases pushes magma from the magma chamber through the pipe until it flows or explodes out of the vent.

  17. - Volcanic Eruptions Composite Volcano Eruption Activity • Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about composite volcano eruption.

  18. - Volcanic Eruptions Kinds of Volcanic Eruptions • Within the last 150 years, major volcanic eruptions have greatly affected the land and people around them.

  19. - Volcanic Eruptions Using Prior Knowledge • Before you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then write what you know about volcanic eruptions in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn. What You Know Lava flows out of a volcano. Eruptions are not all the same. Some volcanoes are dormant. What You Learned Magma rises toward Earth’s surface through a pipe that leads to a vent. Differences in gas and silica content cause some eruptions to be explosive and others to be quiet. Dormant volcanoes can become active at any time.

  20. End of Section:Volcanic Eruptions

  21. - Volcanic Landforms Landforms From Lava and Ash • Volcanic eruptions create landforms made of lava, ash, and other materials. These landforms include composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and lava plateaus.

  22. - Volcanic Landforms Landforms From Lava and Ash • A caldera forms when an volcano’s magma chamber empties and the roof of the chamber collapses. The result is a large, bowl-shaped caldera.

  23. - Volcanic Landforms Landforms From Magma • Features formed by magma include volcanic necks, dikes, and sills, as well as batholiths and dome mountains.

  24. - Volcanic Landforms Batholiths • A batholith is a mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust. Several large batholiths form the core of mountain ranges in western North America. Half Dome in Yosemite National Park, California, is part of the Sierra Nevada batholith.

  25. - Volcanic Landforms Outlining Volcanic Landforms • As you read, make an outline about volcanic landforms that you can use for review. Use the red headings for the main topics and the blue headings for the subtopics. • Landforms From Lava and Ash • Shield Volcanoes • Cinder Cone Volcanoes • Composite Volcanoes • Lava Plateaus • Calderas • Soils From Lava and Ash • Landforms From Magma • Volcanic Necks, Dikes and Sills • Dikes and Sills • Batholiths • Dome Mountains • Geothermal Activity • Hot Springs • Geysers • Geothermic Energy

  26. - Volcanic Landforms Links on Volcanic Effects • Click the SciLinks button for links on volcanic effects.

  27. End of Section:Volcanic Landforms

  28. Graphic Organizer Shield volcanoes Cinder cones Ash, cinders, and bombs Lava and ash

  29. End of Section:Graphic Organizer

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