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The Earth’s Resources

The Earth’s Resources. Natural and synthetic items. Synthetic replacements. Common examples: Wool for use in clothing is now being replaced by acrylic fibre Cotton for use in clothing is now being replaced by polyester

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The Earth’s Resources

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  1. The Earth’s Resources

  2. Natural and synthetic items

  3. Synthetic replacements • Common examples: • Wool for use in clothing is now being replaced by acrylic fibre • Cotton for use in clothing is now being replaced by polyester • Wood for use in construction is now being replaced by PVC (a plastic) and MDF composites

  4. Resulting need for sustainable development

  5. Q1-8

  6. Water safe to drink

  7. Water is not always safe to drink: • High concentrations of salts • Microbes

  8. Potable water

  9. To obtain potable water • Choose a source of water • Filter to remove large objects • Sterilise (kill microbes) • Chlorine • Ozone • UV light

  10. 9-16

  11. Desalination

  12. Can be carried out by: • Distillation • Reverse osmosis using membranes • Requires a lot of energy

  13. 17-24

  14. Treating Waste Water

  15. Sewage • Agricultural waste water • Industrial waste water

  16. Sewage and agricultural waste water can have • Organic matter • Harmful microbes • Industrial waste can have • Organic matter • Harmful chemicals

  17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyU34Fhi0FY

  18. Biogas Sewage sludge Anaerobic treatment Remaining sludge used as fuel Screening and grit removal Sedimentation Effluent Aerobic treatment Discharged back to rivers

  19. Steps: • Screening and grit removal • Sedimentation to produce sewage sludge and effluent • Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge • Biogas produced • Remaining sludge can be used as fuel • Aerobic biological treatment of effluent • Effluent can now be discharged back into rivers

  20. 25-34

  21. Life Cycle Assessment and Recycling

  22. Importance of LCA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqY8FUDcATE

  23. Stages of LCA • Extracting and processing raw materials • Manufacturing and packaging • Use and operation during its lifetime • Disposal at the end of lifetime (including transport and distribution)

  24. Plastic or paper bags?

  25. Q35

  26. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

  27. The problem

  28. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

  29. Resources are limited (non-renewable) • Environmental impacts of quarrying • Habitat loss • Generation of CO2 • Noise pollution • Generation of hazardous waste

  30. Reduce: To simply use less • Reuse: to use again • Recycle: to use manufacturing processes to make new products • Case study: plastic bags in the UK

  31. What happens to the plastic you throw away? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6xlNyWPpB8

  32. Plastic bag charge • Plastic bag use dropped by 85%

  33. Glass bottles • Can be reused • Can be crushed and recycled to make new glass products

  34. Recycling: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7GMpjx2jDQ

  35. 36-46

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