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Lección 12: Gramática

Lección 12: Gramática. El subjuntivo para expresar lo indefinido y lo no existente Las formas imperativas de tú y de vosotros Verbos y preposiciones Números ordinales. El subjuntivo para expresar lo indefinido y lo no existente (1).

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Lección 12: Gramática

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  1. Lección 12: Gramática El subjuntivoparaexpresar lo indefinido y lo no existente Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros Verbos y preposiciones Númerosordinales

  2. El subjuntivoparaexpresar lo indefinido y lo no existente (1) The subjunctive is always used in the subordinate clause when the main clause refers to something or someone that is indefinite, unspecified, hypothetical, or nonexistent. —¿Hay algunaexcursiónqueincluya el hotel? “Is there any tour that includes the hotel?” —No, no hay ningunaque lo incluya. “No, there is not any that includes it.”

  3. El subjuntivoparaexpresar lo indefinido y lo no existente (2) -Necesitoun secretarioquehablefrancés. “I need a secretary who speaks French.” - No conozco a nadiequehablefrancés. “I don’t know anyone who speaks French.”

  4. El subjuntivoparaexpresar lo indefinido y lo no existente (3) -Estamosbuscando un restaurantedondesirvancomida italiana. “We’re looking for a restaurant where they serve Italian food.” - Hay variosrestaurantesdondesirven comida italiana. “There are several restaurants where they serve Italian food.”

  5. El subjuntivoparaexpresar lo indefinido y lo no existente (4) • If the subordinate clause refers to existent, definite, or specified persons or things, the indicative is used instead of the subjunctive. Hay variosrestaurantesdondesirven comida italiana.

  6. El subjuntivoparaexpresar lo indefinido y lo no existente (5)

  7. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (1) • Regular affirmative commands in the tú form have exactly the same forms as the third-person singular (él form) of the present indicative.

  8. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (2) - ¿Quéquieresquehagaahora? “What do you want me to do now?” -Compralos billetespara el viaje. “Buy the tickets for the trip.” - ¿Vas a poner el equipajeaquí? “Are you going to put the luggage here?” - Sí, tráemelasmaletas y el bolso de mano. “Yes, bring me the suitcases and the carry-on bag.”

  9. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (3) • As with the formal commands, direct, indirect, and reflexive pronouns are always placed after an affirmative command and are attached to it. • A written accent must be placed on the stressed syllable.

  10. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (4) • Eight Spanish verbs are irregular in the affirmative command for the tú form. They are listed below. DecirdiSalirsal Hacerhaz Ser sé Irve1Tenerten PonerponVenirven

  11. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (5) - Dime, ¿a quéhoraquieresquevenga? “Tell me, at what time do you want me to come?” -Vena lasocho. “Come at eight.” -Hazmeun favor: ponestosfolletos en la mesa. “Do me a favor: put these brochures on the table.” - Sí, en seguida. “Yes, right away.”

  12. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (6) • The affirmative command form for vosotros is formed by changing the final r of the infinitive to d.

  13. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (7) • When the affirmative command of vosotros is used with the reflexive pronoun os, the final d is dropped. bañarbañadbañaos ponerponedponeos vestirvestid vestíos2

  14. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (8) Bañaosantes de cenar. Bathebefore dinner. Poneoslos zapatos.  Putyour shoes on. Vestíosaquí.  Get dressed here. • Only one verb doesn’t drop the final d when the os is added. irse¡Idos! Go away!

  15. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (9) • The negative commands of tú and vosotrosuse the corresponding forms of the present subjunctive. hablar no hablestú no habléisvosotros vender no vendastú no vendáisvosotros decir no digastú no digáisvosotros salir no salgastú no salgáisvosotros

  16. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (10) - No vayas a la agencia de viajeshoy. “Don’t go to the travel agency today.” - Entoncesvoymañana. “Then I’m going tomorrow.” - Nome esperespara comer. “Don’t wait for me to eat.”

  17. Las formasimperativas de tú y de vosotros (11) —Nome digasquehoytambiéntienesquetrabajar! "Don’t tell me you have to work today also!” • In a negative command, all object pronouns are placed before the verb.              No meesperespara comer.

  18. Verbos y preposiciones (1) • The prepositions con, de, and en can be used with verbs to form certain expressions. Some of the idioms are as follows: casarsecon to marry, to get married (to) comprometersecon to get engaged to acordarsede to remember alegrarsede to be glad

  19. Verbos y preposiciones (2) darsecuenta de to realize enamorarse de to fall in love with olvidarsede to forget confiaren to trust conveniren to agree on entraren to go (come) into fijarseen to notice insistiren to insist on

  20. Verbos y preposiciones (3) Ejemplos: - Celia se comprometió con David. “Celia got engaged to David.” - Yocreíaqueiba a casarse con Alberto. “I thought she was going to marry Alberto.” - No, ellase enamoróde David. “No, she fell in love with David.”

  21. Verbos y preposiciones (4) —Insistieron envenirestanoche. “They insisted on coming tonight.” —Sí, no se dieroncuenta de queteníamosquetrabajar. “Yes, they didn’t realize that we had to work.” • Notice that the English translation of these expressions may not use an equivalent preposition.

  22. Númerosordinales (1)

  23. Númerosordinales (2) • Ordinal numbers agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. el segundochico la segundachica los primerosdíaslasprimerassemanas • Ordinal numbers are seldom used after décimo.

  24. Númerosordinales (3) • The ordinal numbers primero and tercero drop the final -o before masculine singular nouns. el primerdía el terceraño —Nosotrosestamos en el segundopiso. ¿Y Uds.? “We are on the second floor. And you?” —Estamosen el tercerpiso. “We are on the third floor.”

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