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by Ms. Angsupalee Wacharakiat Data Management Department, Bank of Thailand

Global Manufacturing and Outsourcing of Business Functions : Multi-National Enterprises & Foreign Affiliates. by Ms. Angsupalee Wacharakiat Data Management Department, Bank of Thailand. Presented in the Global Forum on Trade Statistics “Measuring Global Trade - Do we have the right numbers?”

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by Ms. Angsupalee Wacharakiat Data Management Department, Bank of Thailand

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  1. Global Manufacturing and Outsourcing of Business Functions :Multi-National Enterprises & Foreign Affiliates by Ms. Angsupalee WacharakiatData Management Department, Bank of Thailand Presented in the Global Forum on Trade Statistics “Measuring Global Trade - Do we have the right numbers?” organized jointly by UNSD and Eurostat in collaboration with WTO 2-4 February 2011, Geneva, Switzerland

  2. Structure of Thai Exports & Imports : MNEs’ role 1 Sectoral Concentration of MNEs 2 Cases Investigated : Electronics & Automotive Industries 3 Problems & Challenges 4 The Road Ahead 5 Topics of Discussion

  3. 1 • Exports dominated by large firms Structure of Thai Exports & Imports : MNEs’ role

  4. 1 • Imports also dominated by large firms Structure of Thai Exports & Imports : MNEs’ role

  5. 1 300 – 4xx firms Non MNEs MNEs 30 - 40% 60 – 70 % 35,xxx – 66,xxx firms • Large exporters & importers are mostly MNEs Structure of Thai Exports & Imports : MNEs’ role

  6. 2 • Most MNEs exporters are in the following industries - Electronics - Automotive- Electrical appliances - Chemicals & plastics Sectoral Concentration of MNEs

  7. 3 Cases Investigated : Electronics & Automotive Industries • Top exporting products- Electronics : 17%- Automotive : 10% • Use of imported contents • Highly associated with “intra-firm trade” • Being “Assembly Plant” by nature  “Goods for processing” vs “Merchandise Trade”

  8. 3 Cases Investigated : Electronics & Automotive Industries • Through initial contacts with major players- Electronics : - Practices vary across firms - Some = purchase M receive full amount of X - Some = partially receive net processing fees- Automotive : - Commercial cars = high local contents - Passenger cars = 60% local contents - Purchase M & receive full amount of X

  9. 3 Cases Investigated : Electronics & Automotive Industries • Majority of observed practices = implied“Change of Ownership” over imported content- Currently record as “Merchandise Trade”- Focusing on firms which “partially receive net processing fees” Exploring possibility of distinguishing “Goods for processing”

  10. 4 Other Datasets Other Datasets Other Datasets Customs<Tax ID> Data cleaning & filtering MNEsDatabase BOT’s Transactor Profile<mix of RID & Tax ID> MOC’s Business Profile<RID> Problems & Challenges (1) • Decentralized Statistical System - Lack of synchronization of codification

  11. 4 MOC’s Business Profile<RID> Problems & Challenges (1) • Decentralized Statistical System - prolonged process on updating database on companies’ profile- legal obstacles / fees associated with inter-agency data sharing

  12. 5 The Road Ahead (1) • Strengthening collaboration through “Statistical Master Plan 2011-2015”- Final process for official approval by the Cabinet- NSO taking lead role as coordinator + setting up steering committee - Stronger bond for inter-agency data sharing / consultation among stakeholders- Action plans for statistical enhancement / adoption of new international standards = more synchronized among relevant agencies

  13. 4 Problems & Challenges (2) • Distinguishing “Goods for Processing” from “Merchandise Trade Statistics”- Identifying relevant MNEs- Identifying priority sectors- Identifying proper data collection framework

  14. 5 The Road Ahead (2) • “Goods for processing” = already incorporated in the project to enhance coverage of BOP statistics • Explore potential data sources & data collection framework- Invoice/attachment to declaration form maintained by the Customs- Corporate survey- Separate survey - Supplementary questions to other surveys - BOT vs NSO or other agencies- Estimation method

  15. Thank You! angsupaw@bot.or.th

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