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Roger Williams is best known in American history as

. . Get Ready!. Roger Williams is best known in American history as A. an advocate in uniting the church and state into a theocracy. B. an early champion of religious freedom. C. the chief justice at the Salem witch trials. D. the founder of New Hampshire.

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Roger Williams is best known in American history as

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  1. . Get Ready! • Roger Williams is best known in American history as • A. an advocate in uniting the church and state into a theocracy. • B. an early champion of religious freedom. • C. the chief justice at the Salem witch trials. • D. the founder of New Hampshire. • E. the first royal governor of Massachusetts. • In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe's primary purpose was to • A. provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers. • B. gain a base for launching English expeditions against Spanish-held Florida. • C. make a financial profit. • D. provide a refuge for persecuted Christians of all sects from all parts of Europe. • E. provide a refuge for English debtors.

  2. August 31, 2012 • Complete Objective 1 notes • Clips from ROOTS • Begin Unit Vocabulary • Distribute and Read Chapter 3 for Homework!

  3. The Colonial Regions • The values of the migrants dictated the “personality” of the newly created colonies; led to distinct (not unified) colonies -The Southern Colonies -The Middle Colonies -The New England Colonies Follow along with your map… Maryland and Virginia are also known as the Chesapeake Colonies.

  4. European Settlements in North America by 1660

  5. The Chesapeake: Dreams of Wealth • After Walter Raleigh's failed Roanoke - 1584 settlement, there was little interest in colonizing America…however…. • Possibilities for wealth • Rivaling Spain, Holland, France • Nationalism, anti-Catholicism, & anti-Spanish zeal

  6. Entrepreneurs in Virginia • The major obstacle to colonizing in America was funding; Queen Elizabeth would not spend tax revenue: • Joint-stock companies provided financing for colonies • In 1606, King James gave the London Company the 1st charter to establish colonies in America

  7. Entrepreneurs in Virginia • Jamestown was settled in 1607 along the Chesapeake Bay: • the location was unhealthy but easy to defend from Spanish ships (but not from inland Indians) • Settlers had no experience in founding a settlement • Colonists expected to become immediately wealthy & failed to plant crops or prepare for long-term habitation in America Chesapeake colonists did not work for the common good & many starved to death

  8. The 1622 Powhatan uprising killed 347 Powhatan Confederacy

  9. Saved by a “Stinking Weed” • In 1618, headrights were used to encourage cultivation of tobacco & the settlement of Jamestown: • A 50-acre lot was granted to each colonist who paid for his own transportation, or for each servant brought into the colony • Led to huge tobacco plantations & thousands of new settlers who hoped to make their fortunes

  10. Virginia House of Burgesses • In 1619, Virginia colonists created a legislative assembly to create local taxes & oversee finances • The Virginia House of Burgesses became the first representative governing body of The New World

  11. How Many Slaves? • In 1619, the 1st African slaves arrived in Jamestown • In the 17th century, 1,000 slaves arrived in the New World per year • Through the 18th century, 5.5 million arrived in America • By 1860, 11 million slaves were brought to the New World • Before 1831, more African slaves came to America than Europeans

  12. Population of the Chesapeake Colonies: 1607-1750

  13. Time of Reckoning • Despite the profits from tobacco, Virginia was a deadly place to live • Many died from disease • Numerous Powhatan attacks • Indentured servants were treated badly & cheated out of land when servitude ended • Few females (6:1 ratio) made families or reproduction difficult There was temporary relief and order brought about by Captain John Smith

  14. Corruption and Reform • In 1624, James I dissolved the Virginia Company & made Virginia a royal colony • But colonists continued to meet in the House of Burgesses • VA was divided into 8 counties each with a county court • Very little changed; Jamestown colonists still focused on tobacco & continued to lack unity

  15. Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics • Initiated by Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) as a refuge for English Catholics • In 1632, Charles I granted a charter for Maryland • To recruit laborers, Lord Baltimore required toleration among Catholics & Protestants • Wealthy Catholics proved unwilling to relocate to America so Maryland became populated largely by poor Protestant farmers & indentured servants: • Maryland had few large tobacco plantations • Farmers (mostly poor tobacco planters) lived in scattered riverfront settlements

  16. New England Colonies, 1650

  17. The Pilgrims in Plymouth • Pilgrims were separatists who refused to worship in the Anglican Church, fled to Holland to avoid compromising religious beliefs • Migrated to America in order to maintain distinct identity & settled in New England • Formed the Mayflower Compact to create a “civil body politick” among settlers (became the 1st American form of self-gov’t)

  18. The “Mayflower Compact” Reading & Discussion • What are the Pilgrims agreeing to do by signing the Mayflower Compact? • Is this a religious or a political document? Explain

  19. “The Great Migration” • Puritans were more conservative than Pilgrims & wished to remain within the Church of England: • Believedinpredestination,fought social sins, & despised Catholic rituals in the Anglican Church • In 1629, many Puritans felt King Charles I was ruining England • From 1630-1640, John Winthrop led 16,000 Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay colony

  20. “A City on a Hill” • Winthrop emphasized a common spiritual goal: to create a “city on a hill” as a beacon of righteousness • New England experienced unique demographic & social trends: • Settlers usually came as families • NE was a generally healthy place to live • Settlers sacrificed self-interest for the good of the community

  21. Limits of Dissent: Roger Williams • Puritans never supported religious toleration- Roger Williams: • Williams was a separatist who questioned the validity of the colony’s charter because the landwasnotboughtfromnatives • Promoted “liberty of conscience” where God (not leaders) would punish people for their “wrong” religious ideas • Expelled to, then founded, Rhode Island in 1636

  22. Limits of Dissent: Anne Hutchinson • Anne Hutchinson believed she was directly inspired by God: • Believed that “converted” people are not subject to man’s laws, only subject to God’s laws (Antinomianism) faith vs. deeds • Hutchinson challenged Mass Bay’s religious leaders • ShewasbanishedtoRhodeIsland

  23. The Middle Colonies:New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

  24. The Middle Colonies, 1685

  25. New York • NY was established as “New Netherlands” by the Dutch West India Co. (the great economic rival to England & Spain) • Its small population was diverse; included Finns, Swedes, Germans, Africans, & Dutch • In 1664, the English fleet captured the colony with little resistance

  26. Pennsylvania - 1681 • Pennsylvania founded by a radical religious sect called Quakers • Quakers believed in “Inner Light”: • Rejected idea of original sin & predestination • Believed that each person could communicate directly with God • All are equal in eyes of God & can be saved (conversion was essential to faith) • The land is for us to share… • “Holy Experiment”

  27. William Penn & Native Americans Quick Discussion Question: In what ways was Penn’s “holy experiment” in Pennsylvania similar to Winthrop’s “city on a hill?”

  28. Urban Population Growth: 1650-1775 Why do you think Urban Growth followed this trend?

  29. Settling the Lower South

  30. Indigo & Rice: crops of the Carolinas

  31. Founding of Georgia Georgia was in many ways a “social utopia” because it offered a fresh start for many of the lowest English citizens • Georgia was founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe as a strategic buffer between the Carolinas & Spanish Florida • Oglethorpe offered Georgia as a refuge for imprisoned debtors from England • By 1751, Georgia was a small colony with a slave-owning plantation society

  32. A secretary of one of the proprietors was John Locke The Proprietary Colonies By Lord Baltimore as a heaven for Catholics 8 proprietors hoped to create a politically democratic colony Granted to William Penn (son of a English naval hero) as a land of religious freedom • Most English colonies were created by royal charter, but some had charters granted land to individuals: • Maryland (1634) • Carolina (1663) • New York (1664) • New Jersey (1665) • New Hampshire (1680) • Pennsylvania (1681) • Delaware (1704)

  33. Closure Question • Did any of these colonies live up to the expectations of their founders: • Virginia? • Massachusetts Bay? • Carolina? • Pennsylvania? • Which colony would you have chosen to live in? Why?

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