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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Gods, Democracy, and Sparta. Earliest Greece. Geography and Early Civilizations. Ancient Greece. Geography Mountainous peninsula – Mount Olympus Pindos Mountains hundreds of rocky islands Including Crete, Rhodes part of the Turkish (Asia Minor) coast. Ancient Greece.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Gods, Democracy, and Sparta

  2. Earliest Greece Geography and Early Civilizations

  3. Ancient Greece • Geography • Mountainous peninsula – Mount Olympus • Pindos Mountains • hundreds of rocky islands • Including Crete, Rhodes • part of the Turkish (Asia Minor) coast

  4. Ancient Greece • Peninsula of Peninsulas • Peloponnesus is the biggest • Aegean Sea in the middle of Greece • Ionian Sea to the West • Mediterranean Sea to the south

  5. Ancient Greece • Sea • Aegean Sea in the middle of Greece • Ionian Sea to the West • Mediterranean Sea to the south • Greeks sailed instead of travelling across land because of the mountains

  6. Ancient Greece • Early Cultures • Minoans • Started on Crete • Most ancient of Greek civilization • Knossos was its capital • Built ships and sailed all over the Mediterrainean

  7. Ancient Greece • Traded olive oil, wood, and pottery with Egypt and southern Greece • Destroyed by a tsunami (tidal wave) and ash from a volcano eruption on the island of Thera (Santorini)

  8. Ancient Greece • Mycenaeans • Lived on the Greek mainland peninsula of Peloponnesus • Conquered Minoans • Were the first to speak Greek • Spread through war and conquest

  9. Ancient Greece • Attacked the city of Troy in Asia Minor • This event became known as the mythical Trojan War

  10. Ancient Greece • The stories of Homer’s mythical Greece are attributed to the Mycenaeans • Arête • the principle of honor in Gr society • Heroism • Willingness of men to do great things like in the myths of Homer

  11. Ancient Greece • City States • The polis • Center of life of a society • Usually a city or town • People who lived there shared a common identity and common goals

  12. Ancient Greece • City-States • Acropolis • Fortified area on top of a hill around which the walled-city was built • Farmers lived outside of the wall • If attacked, all men would form an army • Agora • Market for goods and food or assembly place

  13. Ancient Greece • Social Classes • Each city state had citizens with rights (adult males) • citizens without rights (women and children) • non-citizens (slaves and foreigners) • All citizens felt that they were apart of their city more than that they were Greek

  14. Ancient Greece • Colonization • In order to make more money from trade, city-states established colonies all over the Mediterranean • Byzantium-Constantinople-Istanbul, Turkey; Marseilles, France; and Naples, Italy are examples of Greek colonies • Colonies sent back raw materials

  15. Ancient Greece • Egypt, S. Italy, S. France, E. Spain, SW Spain, Cyprus, S. Turkey and Syria, and the coasts of the Black Sea • Also along the Hellespont and Bosporus • One of these cities on the Bosporus was called Byzantium

  16. Ancient Greece • Military • Cavalry • Hoplites • Shield, spear, and short sword • Phalanx – rectangular formation that used their shields together for protection

  17. Ancient Greece • Democracy • Government by the people, or rule of the many • Oligarchy • Rule by a few power leaders

  18. Sparta The Art of War

  19. Ancient Greece • Sparta • Conquered and enslaved the kingdoms of Laconia and Messenia • Enslaved people were called the helots (captured)

  20. Ancient Greece • Military State • Males learned tactics from childhood • Entered the military at age 20 • Lived within the barracks until the age of 30 and stayed in the military until age 60 • Ate “black soup,” boiled in blood, salt, and vinegar

  21. Ancient Greece • Women • Stayed at home • Expected to exercise and stay fit to have kids

  22. Ancient Greece • Government • Two kings • Five Ephors • Educated the children • Kept law

  23. Ancient Greece • Council of Elders • The two kings and 28 men over the age of 60 • Did not debate on any issue, only voted • Assembly • All male age 30+

  24. Ancient Greece • Culture • Little is known about the culture of Sparta • Art is war

  25. Athens Birthplace of Democracy

  26. Ancient Greece • Athens • On the peninsula of Attica • Its port city was Piraeus • At first was an insignificant city-state

  27. Ancient Greece • Aristocratic Rule • Government • At first ruled by aristocrats • Rich men who owned a lot of land • Commoners had little say • Rebels rose up and Draco put into law harsh punishments for minor crimes

  28. Ancient Greece • Reforms • Solon – put into law less harsh crimes and gave rights and citizenship to all free men • Even cancelled all debts, but did not help • Pisistratus – a tyrant (good tyrant) overthrew the aristocracy, gave land and loans to poor, which allowed for increase in olive production, olive oil made Athens rich and powerful

  29. Ancient Greece • Peisistratus’ son (bad tyrant) was harsh • Cleisthenes • Tried to overthrow Peisistratus’ son (his nephew), failed, was banished • The people rebelled and made Cleisthenes tyrant

  30. Ancient Greece • Athenian Democracy • But to let the people keep power, he made the Pnyx, a place near the acropolis just for meeting to make decisions • Free male citizens passed laws by voting with a show of hands or secret ballot after free and open debate and speeches • Cleisthenes is called the Father of Democracy

  31. Ancient Greece • Pericles • Led Athens for 30 years during the height of their democracy • End of Democracy • The Macedonians invaded Greece and put Athens under a dictatorship

  32. Ancient Greece • Modern Democracy • Direct Democracy • Every person gets a vote on every issue • Only works for small bodies • No country is a direct democracy • Small local governments can be

  33. Ancient Greece • Representative Democracy • Every person gets a vote to choose a person to vote on every issue for them • Parliaments and Republics are considered representative democracies

  34. Greek Mythology Gods and Heroes

  35. Ancient Greece • Mythology • Mythology- a body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works • Polytheistic- multiple gods

  36. Ancient Greece • Pantheon of Greek gods • Zeus, king of the gods • Hera, queen of the gods • Poseidon, god of the sea • Hades, god of the underworld

  37. Ancient Greece • Demeter, goddess of agriculture • Hestia, goddess of the hearth • Athena, goddess of wisdom • Apollo, god of the sun • Artemis, goddess of the moon

  38. Ancient Greece • Ares, god for war • Aphrodite, goddess of love • Hephaestus, god of fire/metalworking • Dionysus, god of celebration • Hermes, the messenger god

  39. Ancient Greece • Greeks used the gods to explain natural scientific events they didn’t understand • Winter was caused by a depressed Demeter not allowing plants to grow • Volcanoes were Hephaestus’ forge

  40. Ancient Greece • Heroes were also mythological • Each city-state had a hero which had some power given by a god or were part-god (demi-god) • Theseus (Athens) defeated the Cretan Minotaur so Athenians wouldn’t have to send loved ones to die

  41. Ancient Greece • Jason and the Argonauts (N. Greece) sailed in search of treasure, fighting monsters and enemies • Hercules (all of Greece) killed a hydra (poisonous snake with nine heads) that grew two heads when one was cut off • Killed it by burning the neck of each head removed

  42. Greek literature Homer and Aesop

  43. Ancient Greece • Literature • Homer • Wrote 12 or 13 epic poems, only 2 remain • Iliad (i-l-i-a-d) • Last years of the Trojan War • Focuses on Achilles, the greatest Greek warrior

  44. Ancient Greece • Describes the battles and the destruction of the city of Troy (Trojan Horse) • Odyssey • Odysseus, returning from the Trojan War, upset Poseidon and it took him 10 years to return • Faced many obstacles placed by Poseidon

  45. Ancient Greece • Literature • Aesop • Wrote fables, stories that teach a moral lesson or give advice • Used animals that talked and acted like humans as the main characters • “The Tortoise and the Hare” • “Boy Who Cried Wolf”

  46. The Ants and the Grasshopper • “The ants were spending a fine winter’s day drying grain collected in the summertime. A Grasshopper, [dying] of [hunger], passed by and begged for a little food.

  47. The Ants and the Grasshopper • The Ants asked him, “Why did you not treasure up food for yourself during the summer?” He replied, “I had not leisure enough. I passed the days singing.”

  48. The Ants and the Grasshopper • They then said disgusted, “If you were foolish enough to sing all the summer, you must dance supper-less to bed in the winter.”

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