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PNS: Somatic and Visceral

PNS: Somatic and Visceral. Biol. 211 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Tony Serino, Ph.D. Biology Department Misericordia University. (Visceral). Cranial Nerves. CN I: Olfactory Nerve. CN II: Optic Nerve. Superior Orbital Fissure. Medial Rectus muscle. Midbrain. Superior Rectus muscle.

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PNS: Somatic and Visceral

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  1. PNS:Somatic and Visceral Biol. 211 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Tony Serino, Ph.D. Biology Department Misericordia University

  2. (Visceral)

  3. Cranial Nerves

  4. CN I: Olfactory Nerve

  5. CN II: Optic Nerve

  6. Superior Orbital Fissure Medial Rectus muscle Midbrain Superior Rectus muscle Levator Palpabrae muscle Inferior Oblique muscle Ciliaryganglion Inferior Rectus muscle Parasympathetic Motor fibers Oculomotor N. (III) Pons CN III: Occulomotor Nerve

  7. CN IV: Trochlear Nerve

  8. CN V: Trigeminal Nerve

  9. CN VI: Abducens Nerve

  10. CN VII: Facial Nerve

  11. CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve

  12. CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve

  13. CN X: Vagus Nerve

  14. CN XI: Accessory Nerve

  15. CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

  16. Spinal Nerves and Plexuses

  17. Spinal Nerve Anatomy

  18. Cervical Plexus Serves neck and diaphragm

  19. Brachial Plexus and pectoral nerves

  20. Brachial Plexus Innervates most of the arm and someof the body wall.

  21. Lumbar Plexus Innervate the anterior leg.

  22. Sacral Plexus Innervates the posterior leg

  23. Dermatomes • A dermatome is the area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branches of a single sensory spinal nerve • All spinal nerves except C1 participate in dermatomes

  24. Reflex Arc

  25. Stretch Reflex

  26. Stretch Reflex • Stretching the muscle activates the muscle spindle • Excited  motor neurons of the spindle cause the stretched muscle to contract • Afferent impulses from the spindle result in inhibition of the antagonist • Example: patellar reflex • Tapping the patellar tendon stretches the quadriceps and starts the reflex action • The quadriceps contract and the antagonistic hamstrings relax

  27. Golgi Tendon Reflex • The opposite of the stretch reflex • Contracting the muscle activates the Golgi tendon organs • Afferent Golgi tendon neurons are stimulated, neurons inhibit the contracting muscle, and the antagonistic muscle is activated • As a result, the contracting muscle relaxes and the antagonist contracts

  28. Flexor and Crossed Extensor Reflexes • The flexor reflex is initiated by a painful stimulus (actual or perceived) that causes automatic withdrawal of the threatened body part • The crossed extensor reflex has two parts • The stimulated side is withdrawn • The contralateral side is extended

  29. Neurotransmission Scenario

  30. ANS Divsions

  31. Parasympathetic (Craniosacral)

  32. Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar)

  33. Sympathetic Ganglia

  34. Levels of Control in ANS

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