Midterm Review

1. Midterm Review Reading Dec. 2013

2. Text Features-features in texts to help organize information to help the reader understand it better. • Index • Back of book • Alphabetical order • Find specific information • Glossary • Back of book • Alphabetical order • Define vocabulary words • Table of Contents • Front of book • Information regarding major units in book • Foot notes • Bottom of page • Additional information regarding something or someone discussed in text • Caption • Describes a photograph • Located with/around the photograph • Title • What selection is mainly about

3. Other Text Features • Textual features Graphic Features • Bold lettering photos • Italics drawings • Headings/subheadings illustrations • diagrams • graphs/charts • borders • icons

4. Text Structure-the way the writing is organized/structured so that it can be easily understood. • Chronological Order/Sequence • Date • Time • Order of events • Cause & Effect • Effect: What happened (result) • Cause: Reason something happened (Why) • Problem & Solution -problems, attempts to solve, and the solution • Compare & Contrast • Similarities and differences Decription – A portrait, in words, of a person, place, or object; uses images that appeals to the 5 senses.

5. Theme • The life lesson a reader learns from a passage. • You may lose what you have if you become too greedy. • Friends make hard work easier. • Treat others the way you would like to be treated. • Moral- a lesson that is directly stated at the end of the story as in fables.

6. Vocabulary in context • Look at sentences and the subject before and after • Look after it to see if defined • Look for words they use as synonyms around it • Dissect the parts of the words: root, prefix, suffix

7. Root Words-the smallest part of a word that is a word. • Extendere: to stretch What means “to extend”? • Get rid of, to stretch, to place, to search out • Facere: to make What means “to make”? • Facial, faculty, factory, faking

8. Types of Conflict • Internal • Man vs. Self • External • Man vs. Man • Man vs. Society • Man vs. Nature

9. Stages of Plot • Exposition • Introduction/Exposing of Characters and Setting • (time and place) • Rising Action • Events and complications leading up to the story climax • Conflict is the struggle between the main character and an opposing force. • Climax • Turning point of the story; highest point of conflict; conflict is resolved • Falling Action • Events that are a result of the climax • Resolution • The end of the story; conclusion

10. Label a Plot Diagram

11. Setting • Time • Place • Date

12. Author’s Purpose-the reason for writing • Inform • Facts, information • Ex: nonfiction travel writing, textbooks, articles, resources such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesaurus • Persuade • Emotional language • Writing that attempts to change the way others to think or act • Ex: newspaper editorial, speeches, essays • Entertain -All stories are for entertainment: fiction; life stories • Humorous story • Interesting characters & situations • Give Directions • Technical language • Ex: instruction manual, cook book

13. Primary Source • A first person account where the writer experienced the event they are writing about. • Autobiography • Memoir • Anecdote • Photograph

14. Secondary Source • If/when an author uses other documents or sources in order to assist in their writing. • Biography • Textbook • Encyclopedia • Most internet sites

15. Main Idea • Most important point that the entire writing is about and is supported by details and examples.

16. Mood/Tone • Tone • The feeling or attitude of the writer/author • Ex: mysterious, serious, humorous, sarcastic • Mood • The feeling or atmosphere that a work creates for a reader • Ex: suspense, happy, sad, peaceful, hopeful • Usually the mood and tone are similar, but do not have to be; they can be very different. • Occasionally, if the author does a poor job or the reader has had a different experience, the mood and tone can be very different. • Mood of a story is created mostly through use of imagery and setting.

17. Foreshadowing • A literary device where an author hints toward future events in a story. • Ex:

18. Flashback • When a story moves from present day to an event that happens in the past. • Ex: In Anne Frank: a diary of a young girl, the story begins after the war with Mr. Frank going back to visit the hiding place. He finds Anne’s diary, begins reading it and the story flashes back to when the family first goes into hiding.

19. Point of View • 1st Person: a character in the story is telling the story from their point of view. • I, me, we, our, us • 3rd Person: someone outside of the sotry is telling the story; a narrator. • He, she, they, them their • Omniscient: knows all characters’ thoughts/feelings • Limited: Knows one character’s thoughts/feelings

20. Testing Strategies • Read questions before reading long passages to focus your thoughts. • Be careful choosing answers with “absolute” words: always, never, all, none • Read the questions carefully/double check after choosing answer • Read all answers