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The Power of mod_proxy

The Power of mod_proxy. Proxy servers, load balancers and how to implement with Apache HTTP Server. Hello World. Paul Weinstein Web Programmer/Analyst at Orbit Media Studios, Inc. Proxy Servers. Proxy Servers. What is a Proxy Server? When Might a Proxy Server Be Useful?

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The Power of mod_proxy

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  1. The Power of mod_proxy • Proxy servers, load balancers and how to implement with Apache HTTP Server.

  2. Hello World • Paul Weinstein • Web Programmer/Analyst at Orbit Media Studios, Inc.

  3. Proxy Servers

  4. Proxy Servers • What is a Proxy Server? • When Might a Proxy Server Be Useful? • How to Implement a Proxy Server with Apache HTTP Server?

  5. What is a Proxy Server? • “A server that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers.”1 1 From Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server

  6. When Might a Proxy Server Be Useful? • “To provide Internet access to internal clients that are otherwise restricted by a firewall.” • “The proxy can also use caching to reduce network usage.”2 • 2 Apache Module mod_proxy Documentation, http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.1/mod/mod_proxy.html

  7. When Might a Proxy Server Be Useful?

  8. When Might a Proxy Server Be Useful? • “To provide Internet users access to a server that is behind a firewall.” • “Provide caching for a slower back-end server.” • “Be used simply to bring several servers into the same URL space” • “Be used to balance load among several back-end servers.” 2 • 2, Apache Module mod_proxy Documentation, http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.1/mod/mod_proxy.html

  9. When Might a Proxy Server Be Useful?

  10. Implementing a Proxy Server with HTTP Server • Standard Apache Distribution: • mod_proxy • mod_proxy_http • mod_proxy_ftp • mod_proxy_ajp • mod_proxy_connect • Third Party: • mod_proxy_html* • In Association with: • mod_cache • mod_ssl * Move to standard distribution as part of v2.4.0, http://bahumbug.wordpress.com/2011/10/28/modules-move-home/

  11. Implementing a Forward Proxy Server with HTTP Server • ProxyRequests OnProxyVia On

  12. Implementing a Proxy Server with HTTP Server • <Proxy *> • Order Deny,Allow • Deny from all • Allow from 192.168.0 • </Proxy>

  13. Implementing a Reverse Proxy Server with HTTP Server • ProxyRequests Off • ProxyPass /back http://backend.example.com • ProxyPassReverse /back http://backend.example.com • ProxyHTMLURLMap http://backend.example.com /back

  14. Load Balancers

  15. Load Balancers • What is a Load Balancer? • When Might a Load Balancing be Useful? • How to Implement a Load Balancer with Apache HTTP Server

  16. What is a Load Balancer? • “A networking methodology to distribute workload across multiple resources.”3 3 From Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_balancing_(computing)

  17. When Might Load Balancing be Useful?

  18. Implementing a Proxy Server with HTTP Server • Standard Apache Distribution: • mod_proxy • mod_proxy_http • mod_proxy_ftp • mod_proxy_ajp • mod_proxy_connect • mod_proxy_balancer • Third Party: • mod_proxy_html* • In Association with: • mod_cache • mod_ssl * Move to standard distribution as part of v2.4.0, http://bahumbug.wordpress.com/2011/10/28/modules-move-home/

  19. Implementing a Failover Load Balancer with HTTP Server • ProxyRequests Off • ProxyPass /webapp balancer://cluster • ProxyPassReverse /webapp http://prime.example.com:80 • ProxyPassReverse /webapp http://fail.example.com:80 • ProxyHTMLURLMap http://prime.example.com:80 /webapp • ProxyHTMLURLMap http://fail.example.com:80 /webapp • <Proxy balancer://cluster> • BalancerMember http://prime.example.com:80 • BalancerMember http://fail.example.com:80 status=+H • </Proxy>

  20. When Might Load Balancing be Useful? • “Distribute workload across multiple computers or a computer cluster ... to achieve optimal resource utilization, maximize throughput, minimize response time, and avoid overload.”3 3 From Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_balancing_(computing)

  21. When Might Load Balancing be Useful?

  22. Implementing a Load Balancer with HTTP Server • ProxyRequests Off • ProxyPass /webapp balancer://cluster \ • stickysession=SESSIONID nofailover=On

  23. Implementing a Load Balancer with HTTP Server • <Location /webapp> • ProxyPassReverse /webapp http://app1.example.com:80 • ProxyPassReverse /webapp http://app2.example.com:80 • ProxyPassReverse /webapp http://app3.example.com:80 • ProxyHTMLURLMap http://app1.example.com:80 /webapp • ProxyHTMLURLMap http://app2.example.com:80 /webapp • ProxyHTMLURLMap http://app3.example.com:80 /webapp • ProxyPassReverseCookiePath /webapp/ /webapp • RequestHeader unset Accept-Encoding • </Location>

  24. Implementing a Load Balancer with HTTP Server • <Proxy balancer://cluster> • BalancerMember http://app1.example.com:80 loadfactor=50 route=app1 • BalancerMember http://app2.example.com:80 loadfactor=25 route=app2 • BalancerMember http://app3.example.com:80 loadfactor=25 route=app3 • </Proxy>

  25. Implementing a Load Balancer with HTTP Server • ProxyRequests Off • ProxyPass /webapp balancer://cluster stickysession=JSESSIONID nofailover=On • <Location /webapp> • ProxyPassReverse /webapp http://app1.example.com:80 • ProxyPassReverse /webapp http://app2.example.com:80 • ProxyPassReverse /webapp http://app3.example.com:80 • ProxyHTMLURLMap http://app1.example.com:80 /webapp • ProxyHTMLURLMap http://app2.example.com:80 /webapp • ProxyHTMLURLMap http://app3.example.com:80 /webapp • ProxyPassReverseCookiePath /webapp/ /webapp • RequestHeader unset Accept-Encoding • </Location> • <Proxy balancer://cluster> • BalancerMember http://app1.example.com:80 loadfactor=50 route=app1 • BalancerMember http://app2.example.com:80 loadfactor=25 route=app2 • BalancerMember http://app3.example.com:80 loadfactor=25 route=app3 • </Proxy>

  26. Resources/Questions • http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_proxy.html • http://www.apachetutor.org/admin/reverseproxies • http://apache.webthing.com/mod_proxy_html/ • http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html • http://pdw.weinstein.org • @pdweinstein

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