IAS 2193 ICT Driven Revolution in Society

1. IAS 2193ICT Driven Revolution in Society Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, UNISEL

2. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Cyber Liberalization • In general, liberalizationrefers to: • A relaxation of previousgovernmentrestrictions, usually in such areas of social, political and economic policy. • In some contexts this process or concept is often, but not always, referred to as deregulation(the process of removing or reducing regulations). • Liberalizationof autocratic regimes may lead to democratization.

3. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Hacking & Hacker • In computerprogramming, 'hacker' means: - A programmer who hacks or reaches a goal by employing a series of modifications to exploit or extend existing code or resources. • In computersecurity, hacker translates to: • A person abletoexploit a system or gainunauthorized access through skill and tactics.

4. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Hacking & Hacker • Others define hacker as a person who exploresintosoftware more deeply than an average PC user. • Hackers are often seen as "Whitehats" or "Blackhats.” • White hat hackers helpfixbadlywrittensoftware programs and write new programs for the greatergood of the computing community.

5. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Hacking & Hacker • Black hatsmodify or create software for criminalpurposes such as stealing your passwords, your identity, your bank account or simply to slow the Internet down to no one's amusement but themselves. • Some hackers are white and black hats, as they see fit, and are known as "Grayhats".

6. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Cracker • A cracker is one who engagesin one or more of the following: • Breaksinto a computer system; • Figures out ways to bypasssecurity or licenseprotection in software; • Intentionallybreaches computer security. • Contrary to popular belief, Cracker is not synonymous with Hacker.

7. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Cracker • The term was coined in the mid-80s by hackers who wanted to: • Differentiate themselves from individuals whose sole purpose is to sneak through security systems. • Whereas crackers sole aim is to: • Break into secure systems. • Hackers are more interested in gainingknowledge about computer systems and possibly using this knowledge for "playful" pranks.

8. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Anonymity • Derived from the Greekword meaning; • Without a name or name-less. • A condition in which an individual's true identity is unknown. • “Anonymity”: notbeingidentifiable within this set. • If it is not identifiable, then the element is said to be "anonymous”.

9. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Spam • Broadlysend unsolicited, unwanted, irrelevant, or inappropriate messages, especially commercial advertising in mass quantities. • Noun: electronic "junkmail”. • Many times, spam e-mail lists are created by "harvesting" e-mail addresses from discussion boards and groups, chat rooms, IRC, and web pages.

10. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Spam • Spam is developedbecause: • Extremelycheap compared to printed direct-mail advertising. • Some businesses and organizations compile or buyhugelists of email addresses and sent their unsolicited messages.

11. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Online Scams • Cheat unsuspecting people online • Example: • Auction Fraud: • Seller lists anything they want to sell. • Buyers bid. • Auction site gets a percentage. • Problems: • Some sellers do not send the items people paid for, or they send inferior goods that do not meet the online description.

12. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Online Scams • StockFraud: • The Web reaches a huge audience virtually immediately. It is ideal for spreading rumors. • One can buy a stock, make glowing recommendations about it in chat rooms and on web sites, then sell when the price briefly and artificiallyrises. • The buying and selling can be timed perfectly with the online stock trading now available to ordinary investors on the Web.

13. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Online Scams

14. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Cyber Bullying • Cyber bullyingis the use of Information Technology to: • Harm or harass other people in a deliberate, repeated, and hostile manner. • According to US Legal Definitions, Cyber-bullying could be limited to: • Posting rumors or gossips about a person in the internet bringing about dislikein other’s minds, or • It may go to the extent of personally identifyingvictims and publishingmaterials severely defaming and humiliating them.

15. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Cyber Bullying • Cyber bullying is defined in legal glossariesas: • Actions that use information and communicationtechnologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group, that is intended to harm another or others. • Use of communicationtechnologies for the intention of harming another person • Use of internetservice and mobiletechnologies such as web pages and discussion groups as well as instant messaging or • SMS text messaging with the intention of harming another person.

16. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Cyber Bullying • A cyber bully may be a person whom the target knows or an online stranger. • A cyber bully may be anonymous and may ask involvementofotherpeople online who do not even know the target.

17. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Cyber Laws • Cyber lawis the area of law that dealswith: • The Internet's relationship to technological and electronicelements, including computers, software, hardware and information systems (IS). • Cyber law is also known as Internet Law.

18. IAS2193 - Part 5: Cyber Liberalization Malaysia’s Cyber Laws • Malaysia also is also involved in evolution of technology. • Internet has become a necessities for everybody in business, communicate socializing and many more. • Despite being a positive tool for users, there are some of irresponsiblepeople that are using internet in negative way such as online fraud, identity theft, virus attack and hacking. • Therefore, Malaysian government has already taking a big step to overcome these problems by introducing a fewactsoflaw that can be used for cyber crimes.