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Scalable NDN Forwarding Concepts, Issues and Principles

Scalable NDN Forwarding Concepts, Issues and Principles. Authors: Haowei Yuan, Tian Song, and Patrick Crowley Publisher: ICCCN 2012 Presenter: Chai-Yi Chu Date: 2013/05/22. Outline. Introduction The NDN Forwarding Plane The CCNx Performance Study Issues in Scalable NDN Forwarding

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Scalable NDN Forwarding Concepts, Issues and Principles

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  1. Scalable NDN Forwarding Concepts, Issues and Principles Authors: HaoweiYuan, Tian Song, and Patrick Crowley Publisher:ICCCN 2012 Presenter: Chai-Yi Chu Date: 2013/05/22

  2. Outline • Introduction • The NDN Forwarding Plane • The CCNx Performance Study • Issues in Scalable NDN Forwarding • Design Principles

  3. Introduction • An NDN software prototype, CCNx. • Present an experimental evaluation of the current CCNximplementation. • Description of the major data structures and algorithms used in CCNx. • Analyze and simplify the packet forwarding operations in CCNx and NDN.

  4. The NDN Forwarding Plane • Decides what to do for each incoming packet. • Can be divided into multiple layers based on the functions: • The strategy layer • Selects forwarding strategies and impacts the forwarding decisions. • The data forwarding layer • Packet forwarding, pending Interest management and temporary content storing. • The transport layer • Handles network communication.

  5. The CCNx Performance Study • Study was conducted in the Open Network Laboratory (ONL) • The CCNx implementation evaluated in this work is ccnx-0.4.0, released on September 15, 2011. • compiled using gcc-4.4.1with optimization level -O4. • The core component, ccnd, is configured with all default environment variable values. • The Content Store size is set at the default value of 50, 000

  6. To generate CCNxtraffic, the built-in ccncatchunks2 and our ccndelphiprograms are used as the client program and server program. • ccncatchunks2: generates a sequence of Interest packets to fetch a large file. • ccndelphi: generates Data packets with random payloads, and it is designed to send back Data packets as soon as possible.

  7. Throughput values are sampled every 1 second. For each experimental configuration, we select top 20 throughput values to compute the average peak throughput and calculate a 90% confidence interval. • Two experimental configurations were used for measuring CCNxrouter peak throughput: • every client requests a different file • ccnx:/i/chunk, i = 0…15, chunk starts with value 0 and increases by 1 for each generated Interest request. • all clients request the same file • ccnx:/0/chunk

  8. Use Gprofto profile the saturated ccnd daemon. • ccnddaemon, which implements the packet forwarding plane. • more than 60% of the time was taken by unctionsrelated to packet name decoding. • ccn_skeleton_decodefunction, which is the lowest level packet decoding function, takes 35.46%.

  9. Issues in Scalable NDN Forwarding • The logical FIB and PIT share a hash table named Name Prefix Hash Table (NPHT), which indexes the Propagating Entries(PEs) and Forwarding Info Entries (FIEs). • the structures storing detailed pending Interest information and forwarding information • Each bucket in the NPHT has pointers pointing to PEs and FIEs

  10. The Propagating Hash Table (PHT) is keyed by the nonce field • which is unique for each Interest packet. • Stores all the nonce field of the Interest packets presented in PIT (in the form of PEs).

  11. For Content Store, each Data packet is assigned a unique accession number • The cached Data packets are stored in an array named Content Array (CA) indexed by the accession numbers. • Old but popular Data packet whose accession number is out of the range that CA supports. • These packets are stored in the Straggler Hash Table (SHT) to save space

  12. Two data structures summarize the Content Store, namely • Content Hash Table (CHT) • a hash table keyed by the Data packet full name • Content Skip List (CSL) • a standard implementation of the skip list data structure

  13. Simplified Data Structures and Operational Flows

  14. Key Issues to Be Solved • Exact string matching with fast updates • In PIT & CS • Longest prefix matching for variable-length and unbounded names • In FIB • Large-scale flow maintenance • similar to IP network per-flow monitoring • {name, incoming interfaceID, outgoing interfaceID}

  15. Design Principles • Aim for constant-time operations • URL-format for Optimization • names in NDN have a format similar to HTTP URLs • Simple Data Structures for Fast Updates • include hash tables, d-left hash tables and counting bloom filters. • Efficient Packet Encoding/Decoding • a complicated XML format to encode packets • develop a quickly and efficiently packet decoding algorithm • Different Content Store Policies

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