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Temperature Operational temperature

Temperature Operational temperature. Design temperature. t Tp,max. System supply t 1. t w1. Systém return t 2. t w2. t w. Emitter supply t w1. t 1. Emitter return t w2. Mean emitter temperature tw. t 2. Maximal emitter surface temperature t Tp max.

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Temperature Operational temperature

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  1. Temperature Operational temperature • Design temperature tTp,max System supply t1 tw1 Systém return t2 tw2 tw Emitter supply tw1 t1 Emitter return tw2 Mean emitter temperature tw t2 Maximal emitter surface temperature tTp max Temperature difference - emitter = tw1 - tw2 Temperature differencesystem = t1 - t2

  2. Temperature in the system • Heat transferred by the system • Heat transferred by the emitter tp1,max tw1 tw2 tw t1 t2

  3. Temperatures Design Criterions • Economical criterions • Physical properties of the medium • Hygiene requirements • Technical properties of the heat source

  4. TemperatureParameters design • Heating system supply temperature • Low- temperature t1 <=65°C • Medium - temperature 65°C< t1 <= 115°C • High temperature t1 > 115°C • Temperature difference • 10K - 25K, high temperature 40K - 50K. • 90/70 °C, 80/60°C, 75/55°C, 55/45°C

  5. Temperature Parameters Design • Emitter • Maximal surface temperature (85 - 90°C) • Temperature difference • Two-pipe = system temperature difference (15 - 25 K) • one-pipe < system temperature difference OS (5 - 10 K)

  6. Piping materials • The material should be selected at the beginning of the design process • Used materials • steel • copper • plastic

  7. Piping materialsSteel • Traditional material • Welding

  8. Piping materialCopper • Lower material usage • Chemical reaction with water pH min7 • Electrochemical corrosion (Al) • soldering, torch brazing

  9. Piping materialPlastic • Materials • Netted polyethylene (PEX, VPE), • polybuten (polybutylen, polybuten-1,PB), • polypropylen (PP-R, PP-RC,PP-3), • Chlorided PVC (C-PVC, PVC-C) • Multilayer pipes with metal • Life-cycle !!! • Oxygen barierre ?

  10. Heating system hydraulic calculation

  11. Calculation • Temp difference setup • Transferred output • Circulation mode • Hydraulic scheme, sections, circuits • Water flow rate

  12. Design of the pipe diameter • Natural circulation • method given pressure difference • buoyancy • Forced circulation • method economical specific pressure loss 60 - 200 Pa.m-1 • method optimal velocity • 0,05 - 1,0 m.s-1 (!!! Noise) • method given pressure difference • buoyancy+ pump head • 10-70 kPa

  13. Pressure loss calculation • Pressure loss • friction • Local resistance • Pressure loss of the circuit compare with the pump head • Pressure excess is reduced by the control valves • Pressure lack – must be changed the pump or redesigned the system

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