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Great Awakening vs. Enlightenment

Great Awakening vs. Enlightenment. Enlightenment – faith in reason, foremost American proponent Benjamin Franklin Whitefield and Garden battle over Protestant Piety Whitefield becomes first inter-colonial celebrity Preached in Georgia in 1738. England Becomes a World Power.

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Great Awakening vs. Enlightenment

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  1. Great Awakening vs. Enlightenment Enlightenment – faith in reason, foremost American proponent Benjamin Franklin Whitefield and Garden battle over Protestant Piety Whitefield becomes first inter-colonial celebrity Preached in Georgia in 1738

  2. England Becomes a World Power 1750 England is a leading world power Colonies are more profitable than Spain’s or France’s

  3. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 • Restoration Monarchs disliked representative Government • Res. Mon. were sons of King Charles I • Executed by Parliament • Charles II rarely called Parliament • James II (1685-1688) never faced an elected legislature • Neither had sympathy for colonial legislatures

  4. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 • Charles II broke with tradition • He did not keep military strictly accountable to civilian authority • Charles appt former army officers to 90% of all government positions • 1680 governor general ruled 60% of all American colonists • James II continued the policy

  5. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 • New Englanders were resentful • 1661 Mass. Assembly declared its citizens exempt from all laws & royal decrees • Except declaration of war • Ignored Navigation Acts (welcomed Dutch traders)

  6. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 • Charles II had special punishment for Mass. • 1679 made a new Royal Colony from Mass. Territory (New Hampshire) • 1684 revoked charter – made Mass. a Royal Colony • Increase Mather – Puritan minister, called on colonist to resist even to the point of martyrdom.

  7. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 • Dominion of New England – 1686 King consolidated Mass., New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Plymouth into a single administrative unit. • 1688 He added New York and New Jersey • Legislature ceased to exist • Sir Edmund Andros became governor (former army officer)

  8. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 • Andros was hated • He forced New England Puritans to accept Anglicans • Forced acceptance of Navigation Acts • Suppressed the legislature (holding them to one meeting per year) • “You have no more privileges left you” Than not to be sold for slaves”

  9. Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 • 1676 - Duke of York becomes Catholic • Charles II converts on his death bed • Both ignore laws • Allow Catholics to hold high office and worship openly • Protestant fears are intensified – both kings express desire to ally with Louis XIV • Huguenot’s persecutions were intensifying

  10. Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 • James II has Catholic son • England’s political leaders ask James’ II daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to come and take the throne • The Bloodless revolution of 1688 • Creates limited monarchy as defined by English Bill of Rights 1689 • April 18, 1689 – before confirmation – New England militia arrested Andros and his councilors

  11. Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 • William and Mary • Dismantle the Dominion of New Eng. • Restored power of the elect to Connecticut and Rhode Island • Massachusetts • Kept royal authority for Mass. • Mass. Could absorb the areas of Plymouth and Maine, but could not regain New Hampshire • The crown would choose the government

  12. Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 • *Property ownership not church membership would be criterion for voting • The colony would have to tolerate other Protestants proliferating numbers of Anglicans, Baptists, and Quakers, non-Puritans • Taxes would continue to support the church • End of the “New England Way”

  13. Leisler’s Rebellion • May 31, 1689 – City’s militia seized the harbor’s main fort • Captain Jacob Leisler took command of the colony • Leisler called election for its assembly • 1691 English troops arrive • Leisler feared the troops were loyal to James II • Leisler had placed his allies in jail • Leisler was arrested and tried for treason – found guilty “for the King and Queen….

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