Instituto Nacional de Meteorología , Madrid 14-15, Febrero, 2005

1. Seminario Acción Especial CLIVAR-España Water masses and thermohaline variability in the Atlantic Ocean: consequences for CANT accumulation. Instituto Nacional de Meteorología, Madrid 14-15, Febrero, 2005 Fiz F. Pérez, Aida F. Ríos, Marta Álvarez, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas CSIC, Vigo

2. Decadal changes of -S relationship of the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENAW) by Pérez, F.F., A.F. Ríos, B.A. King, R.T. Pollard.Deep-Sea Research, 1995. Carbon dioxide along WOCE line A14: Water masses characterization and anthropogenic entry by Ríos, A. F.et al. Journal Geophysical Research, Vol. 108 2003. Physical and biogeochemical transport structure in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre by Álvarez M., F.F. Pérez, H. Bryden, A.F. Ríos. Journal of Geophysical Research109 2004 The unaccounted role of Mediterranean water in the draw-down of anthropogenic carbon by Álvarez M. Fiz F. Pérez, D. R. Shoosmith and H. L. Bryden. Journal of Geophysical Research in revision

3. Pérez et al. ,2000.

4. ENACW saline change, NAO and Runoff Pérez et al. ,2000.

5. AAIW AAIW WOCE A-14 WOCE A-14 Ríos et al., 2003

6. SAIW Anthropogenic CO2 and CFC-age along the AAIW maximum AAIW Ríos et al., 2003

7. MW at 1000 m 3.0 Sv -3.4 Sv 0.4 Sv Alvarez et al. JGR The MW is formed from 2.3 Sv of ENACW and 0.3 Sv of AAIW. Part of this transformation (0.7 Sv) occurs inside the Mediterranean Sea 105.5 kmol·s-1 9.4 kmol·s-1 2.7 Sv MW 0.7 Sv ENACW 0.3 Sv LSW -0.3 Sv AA -32.9 kmol·s-1 155 kmol.s-1 of Anthropogenic CO2 -41.2 kmol·s-1 -124 kmol.s-1 The MW formation drives a Cant draw-down and a salinity increase of MW because the ENACW entrained when MW is formed is saturated of Cant and its salinity is also increasing in 0.1 per decade. This mechanism could be a negative feedback in future climate scenarios. Total Baroclinic Horizontal Figure 7. 10 kmol.s-1 .

8. Subpolar North Atlantic Relevance of the Subpolar North Atlantic: - area of deep water formation, - large capacity to store and transport heat and CO2. WOCE A25 or 4x section - August-September 1997 - UK WOCE section from Vigo to Cape Farewell,

9. Water Masses along 4x: Mass (Sv) and CANT Trps (kmol/s) 2.9Sv 174kmol/s 10.3Sv ENACW SAIW 1.7Sv MW 484 kmol/s 48kmol/s -1.5 Sv DSOW -6.0Sv ISOW -36kmol/s -113kmol/s -5.4 Sv 5.6 Sv 159kmol/s -8.8Sv -274kmol/s -324kmol/s LSW EGC AAIW 0.9 Sv 0 kmol/s LDW Alvarez et al. 2004

10. The role of Subpolar North Atlantic • In the subpolar North Atlantic about 21 Sv of warm waters is transformed in deep and cold waters releasing 0.7 Pw of heat to the atmosphere. • 0.33 Gt of anthropogenic CO2 are transported to the north, a 14% is accumulated in the subpolar North Atlantic and 0.28 Gt of anthropogenic CO2 goes south with deep waters.