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EOC Review - Physics

EOC Review - Physics. Distance vs. Displacement. Graphing Motion. Positive or negative acceleration? Acceleration Graph. Negative Acceleration Graph. Balanced Forces. Unequal Forces. Combined Forces. Reviewing Main Ideas. 2.1. Describing Motion.

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EOC Review - Physics

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  1. EOC Review - Physics

  2. Distance vs. Displacement

  3. Graphing Motion

  4. Positive or negative acceleration?Acceleration Graph

  5. Negative Acceleration Graph

  6. Balanced Forces

  7. Unequal Forces

  8. Combined Forces

  9. Reviewing Main Ideas 2.1 Describing Motion • Motion is a change of position of a body. Distance is the measure of how far an object moved. Displacement is the distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point. • A reference point must be specified in order to determine an object's position.

  10. Reviewing Main Ideas 2.1 Describing Motion • The speed of an object can be calculated from this equation: • The slope of a line on a distance-time graph is equal to the speed. • Velocity describes the speed and direction of a moving object.

  11. Reviewing Main Ideas 2.2 Acceleration • Acceleration occurs when an object changes speed or changes direction. • An object speeds up if its acceleration is in the direction of its motion. • An object slows down if its acceleration is opposite to the direction of its motion. • Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, and is calculated from this equation:

  12. Reviewing Main Ideas 2.3 Motion and Forces • A force is a push or pull. • The net force acting on an object is the combination of all the forces acting on the object. • The forces on an object are balanced if the net force is zero.

  13. Reviewing Main Ideas 2.3 Motion and Forces • Inertia is the resistance of an object to a change in motion. • According to Newton's first law of motion, the motion of an object does not change unless an unbalanced net force acts on the object.

  14. Chapter Review 2 Question Which includes both the speed of a moving object and the direction of its motion? A. displacement B. distance C. instantaneous speed D. velocity

  15. Chapter Review 2 Answer The answer is D. Displacement includes direction, but not speed.

  16. Chapter Review 2 Question Which statement is correct? A. A force acting on an object always changes the velocity of the object. B. A net force of zero on an object does not change the velocity of the object. C. Net force must always equal zero. D. Unbalanced forces cannot cause acceleration.

  17. Chapter Review 2 Answer The answer is B. A net force of zero occurs when the forces acting on an object cancel each other.

  18. Chapter Review 2 Question Which has the greatest inertia? A. bowling ball B. golf ball C. table tennis ball D. tennis ball

  19. Chapter Review 2 Answer The answer is A. The greater the mass of an object is the greater its inertia.

  20. Standardized Test Practice 2 Question A moving object traveled 4900 m in 165 s. What is its average speed? A. 165 m/s B. 55 m/s C. 30 m/s D. 15 m/s

  21. Standardized Test Practice 2 Answer The answer is C. Average speed is equal to the total distance traveled divided by the total time of travel.

  22. Standardized Test Practice 2 Question This graph represents swim times for three different swimmers. Which swimmer did not maintain a constant speed?

  23. Standardized Test Practice 2 A. A B. B C. C D. All speeds were constant.

  24. Standardized Test Practice 2 Answer The answer is C. During the time interval between 10 and 20 minutes, swimmer C had a speed of 0 m/min.

  25. Standardized Test Practice 2 Question Calculate the acceleration of a car that starts at rest and has a final velocity of 30 m/s after 10 s. A. – 3 m/s2 B. 3 m/s2 C. – 20 m/s2 D. 20 m/s2

  26. Standardized Test Practice 2 Answer The answer is B. Use this equation to calculate acceleration: a = (vf – vi)/t

  27. Standardized Test Practice 2 Question Car A is traveling 85 km/h. After 1 hour, the car turns around 180º and travels at the same speed for 1.5 hours. What is the car’s displacement at the end of the trip? A. –42.5 km B. –127.5 km C. –212.5 km D. 42.5 km

  28. Standardized Test Practice 2 Answer The answer is a, –42.5 km. During the first hour the car traveled 85 km. During the second hour, the car traveled 127.5 km in the opposite direction. Even though the total distance traveled is 212.5 km, the car is 42.5 km in the opposite direction from where it started to move.

  29. Standardized Test Practice 2 Question What is Bill’s average speed?

  30. Standardized Test Practice 2 A. .10 km/min B. .21 km/min C. .34 km/min D. .38 km/min

  31. Standardized Test Practice 2 Answer The correct answer is B. Use the equation:

  32. Reviewing Main Ideas 3.1 Newton’s Second Law • Newton’s second law of motion states that a net force causes an object to accelerate in the direction of the net force and that the acceleration is given by

  33. Reviewing Main Ideas 3.1 Newton’s Second Law • Friction is a force opposing the sliding motion of two surfaces in contact. Friction is caused by microwelds that form where the surfaces are in contact. • Air resistance opposes the motion of objects moving through the air.

  34. Reviewing Main Ideas 3.2 Gravity • Gravity is an attractive force between any two objects with mass. The gravitational force depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them. • The gravitational acceleration, g, near Earth’s surface equals 9.8 m/s2. The force of gravity on an object with mass, m, is:

  35. Reviewing Main Ideas 3.2 Gravity • The weight of an object near Earth’s surface is: • Projectiles travel in a curved path because of their horizontal motion and vertical acceleration due to gravity. • The centripetal force is the net force on an object in circular motion and is directed toward the center of the circular path.

  36. Reviewing Main Ideas 3.3 The Third Law of Motion • Newton’s third law of motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. • The momentum of an object can be calculated by the equation p = mv. • When two objects collide, momentum can be conserved. Some of the momentum from one object is transferred to the other.

  37. Chapter Review 3 Question Friction is the force that opposes __________ of two surfaces that are touching each other. Answer Friction opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching each other.

  38. Chapter Review 3 Question Air resistance is similar to __________. A. acceleration B. friction C. gravity D. net force

  39. Chapter Review 3 Answer The answer is B. Air resistance is a friction like force that opposes the motion of objects that move through the air.

  40. Chapter Review 3 Question You are moving a dresser that has a mass of 36 kg; its acceleration is 0.5 m/s2. What is the force being applied? A. 8 N B. 18 N C. 35.5 N D. 72 N

  41. Chapter Review 3 Answer The answer is B. According to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration is calculated by dividing the force exerted on an object by the mass of the object. Rearrange the equation and find force by multiplying the mass of the object by its acceleration.

  42. Chapter Review 3 Question What is the gravitational force exerted on an object called? Answer The gravitational force exerted on an object is called the object’s weight

  43. Chapter Review 3 Question Acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path is __________. • centripetal acceleration • free fall • projectile motion • weightlessness

  44. Chapter Review 3 Answer The answer is A. Centripetal acceleration results from the net force exerted on an object toward the center of the curved path.

  45. Standardized Test Practice 3 Question You are moving an object that has a mass of 25 kg; its acceleration is 0.25 m/s2. What is the force being applied? A. 6.25 N B. 6.70 N C. 18.5 N D. 23.5 N

  46. Standardized Test Practice 3 Answer The answer is A. Acceleration is calculated by dividing the force exerted on an object by the mass of the object. Rearrange the equation and find force by multiplying the mass of the object by its acceleration.

  47. Standardized Test Practice 3 Question What is the gravitational force on a skydiver with a mass of 75 kg? A. 8 N B. 667 N C. 588 N D. 735 N

  48. Standardized Test Practice 3 Answer The answer is D. Multiply the mass by the acceleration of gravity, 9.8 m/s2

  49. Standardized Test Practice 3 Question On Earth, what is the weight of a car that has a mass of 4,000 kg? A. 39, 200 N B. 17, 818 N C. 3, 920 N D. 186 N

  50. Standardized Test Practice 3 Answer The answer is A. The weight of an object on Earth is equal to its mass multiplied by acceleration due to gravity.

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