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Kohlberg’s Moral Stages

Kohlberg’s Moral Stages. Meghan Vance. Heinz Dilemma.

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Kohlberg’s Moral Stages

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  1. Kohlberg’s Moral Stages Meghan Vance

  2. Heinz Dilemma • “A woman was near death from a unique kind of cancer. There is a drug that might save her. The drug costs $4,000 per dosage. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money and tried every legal means, but he could only get together about $2,000. He asked the doctor scientist who discovered the drug for a discount or let him pay later. But the doctor scientist refused.”

  3. Level 1 Preconventional Morality • Stage 1 • Obedience and Punishment Orientation • Similar to Piget’s first stage of moral thought • Powerful authorities hand down a fixed set of rules that cannot be broken • Kohlberg calls this stage “preconventional” because children cannot speak as members of society.

  4. Scenario 1 • “The child typically says that Heinz was wrong to steal the drug because "It's against the law," or "It's bad to steal," as if this were all there were to it. When asked to elaborate, the child usually responds in terms of the consequences involved, explaining that stealing is bad "because you'll get punished"

  5. Level 1 • Stage II • Individualism and Exchange • Children recognize that there is not just one “right view” • Since everything is relative then then one can pursue individual interests. • Punishment is a risk that everyone naturally wants to avoid. • “If you scratch my back I’ll scratch yours.”

  6. Scenario II • “Subjects often say that Heinz was right to steal the drug because the druggist was unwilling to make a fair deal; he was "trying to rip Heinz off," Or they might say that he should steal for his wife "because she might return the favor some day"

  7. Level II Conventional Morality • Stage III • Good Interpersonal Relationships • Teens see morality as more than “simple deals” • “They believe that people should live up to the expectations of the family and community and behave in “good” ways.” • Good behavior means good motives

  8. Scenario III • “Heinz, they typically argue, was right to steal the drug because "He was a good man for wanting to save her," and "His intentions were good, that of saving the life of someone he loves."

  9. Level II • Stage IV • Maintaining the Social Order • Concerned with society as a whole • Emphasis on obeying the law, respecting authority, and performing one’s duties • Member of society perspective • Understand the law and the consequences of one’s actions

  10. Scenario IV • “Many subjects say they understand that Heinz's motives were good, but they cannot condone the theft. What would happen if we all started breaking the laws whenever we felt we had a good reason? The result would be chaos; society couldn't function.”

  11. Level III Post conventional Morality • Stage V • Social Contract and Individual Rights • What makes a good society? • Prior to society perspective • Different social groups have different values • All groups want certain rights • Liberty, life, and to be protected • They would want some democratic procedure • Changing unfair law, and for improving society

  12. Scenario V • “Stage 5 respondents make it clear that they do not generally favor breaking laws; laws are social contracts that we agree to uphold until we can change them by democratic means. Nevertheless, the wife’s right to live is a moral right that must be protected.”

  13. Level III • Stage VI • Universal Principals • Great moral leaders • Martin Luther King Jr., Gandhi • Equality • Respecting basic dignity of all people as human beings • Principle of justice is universal • Veil of ignorance • Acting as if you do not know which role you want to occupy • “put yourself in another person’s shoes”

  14. Scenario VI • “In the Heinz dilemma, this would mean that all parties--the druggist, Heinz, and his wife--take the roles of the others. “ • “If the druggist did this, even he would recognize that life must take priority over property; for he wouldn't want to risk finding himself in the wife's shoes with property valued over life. “

  15. Kohlberg’s Moral Stages

  16. References • http://faculty.plts.edu/gpence/html/kohlberg.htm

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