Mental Health Records at The Library of Virginia

1. Mental Health Records at The Library of Virginia Jessie R. Graham Senior State Records Archivist

2. State Records Section • Specializes in the acquisition and preservation of historically significant records produced by: • Governor’s Office and secretariats • State agencies and institutions • Our responsibilities include: • Collecting • Processing • Preserving • Arranging • Describing • Providing access • We abide by the laws set forth in the Code of Virginia which govern access to public records

3. Restricted Records • The LVA uses the Virginia Public Records Act (VPRA) to guide its privacy and restriction policies as they apply to state records collections • The VPRA excludes certain types of records from open public access, including those containing identifiable medical information • The VPRA also states that all records, even those containing privacy-protected data, are deemed “open” to the public after a 75-year waiting period (Va. Code §42.1-78)

4. Restricted Records • Early medical records were much different than what we have today • Very few “medical” records exist in the LVA’s mental health collections, especially for later periods • Most cases of restriction are due to incidental information requiring redaction, not total closure • All researchers at the LVA are required to sign an agreement that specifies that any protected information they may find cannot be disclosed to a third party

5. Mental Health Records at the LVA • Central State Hospital records, 1874-1961 • Eastern State Hospital records, 1770-2009 • Southwestern State Hospital records, 1887-1948 • Western State Hospital records, 1825-2000 • Petersburg State Colony commitment records, 1934-1955 • Lynchburg Training School and Hospital sterilization register, 1929-1959 • Southern Virginia Mental Health Institute Director’s files, 1975-1983 • State Hospital Board minutes, 1933-1961 • MHMRSAS Commissioner’s correspondence and subject files, 1926-1990 • MHMRSAS Board minutes, 1903-1996 • MHMRSAS legislative case files, 1988-2004 • Auditor of Public Accounts records related to CSH, 1864-1890 • Auditor of Public Accounts general custodial records related to state mental hospitals, 1801-1905 • Lunacy papers and warrants (local court records), 19th and 20th centuries

6. Genealogical Use • Most patrons use these records for genealogical purposes • Hospital is listed as place of residence on a census form • Investigating family rumors • Interested in family medical history for personal reasons

7. What Can you Learn? • Trace a patient through his or her stay • Day-to-day operations of the hospital • Medical treatments used • Changes in mental health care over time • Duties and decision making processes of the Boards • Role of the courts in mental health

8. What we have…

9. Commitment papers • Usually contain court documents, correspondence, orders to commit and depositions containing details of the patient's health and behavior • Some are letters from family and community members or questionnaires filled out by doctors • Central State, Western State, Eastern State, Petersburg State Colony CSH records

10. Admission registers • Contain patient name, occupation, admission date, age, education, residence, number of attacks, duration of the disease, supposed cause, family history and information about discharge or death • Indexed by patient admission number • Central State, Western State, and Eastern State WSH records

11. Case Books • Detailed accounts of treatment including medicines given, diseases treated and progress reports • Usually indexed by name • Closest to today’s medical records • Southwestern State, Western State, and Eastern State SWSH records

12. Correspondence • To and from friends and family of patients • Requests to accept adjudicated individuals held in local jails • Mostly incoming correspondence; some outgoing • Southwestern State, Eastern State, and Western State WSH records

13. Furloughs and Bonds • Obligated a person to provide support for a patient or to supervise him or her during a furlough • Central State, Western State, and Eastern State CSH records

14. Annual Reports • Contain reports of the Superintendent, hospital statistics, and financial information • Eastern State Hospital and Western State ESH records

15. Financial Records • Account books, sales and inventory ledgers, patient cash account books, general ledgers • Eastern State, Western State, and Southwestern State SWSH records

16. Policies and Procedures • Rules and regulations for employees • By-laws of the institution • Western State and Eastern State ESH records

17. Photographs • Construction, building interiors, events, staff, and patients • Western State and Eastern State WSH records

18. References to sterilizations appear sporadically Register Board minutes Files on the 1980s sterilization controversy exist in the WSH and ESH records Western State and Lynchburg Training School and Hospital Sterilization Records WSH records

19. Lobotomy Records • Contain before, during and after photographs, and some written history on the patient • The Lobotomist written by Jack El-Hai • The Lobotomist documentary shown on PBS • NPR interview with Howard Dully • Lobotomy registers exist for Eastern and Western State Howard Dully, age 12 Walter Freeman and James Watts papers at George Washington University

20. Other records of interest… • Newsletters • Meeting minutes • Buildings and grounds records • Staff report books • Subject files • Publications and theses • Scrapbooks • Architectural drawings

21. Julia Fisher’s Story Begins…

22. Commitment • Depositions of acquaintances • From Wythe County, VA • 18 years old, unmarried • Insane for 1 ½ years • Caused by ill treatment by relatives • Warrant to sheriff • Justices agree that she is insane • Calls for the sheriff to take her to the asylum • Compels superintendent to receive her

23. Admission • Admitted June 13, 1862 • Physical description • Small • Fair skin • Black hair • Brown eyes

24. Case Book • Entries begin upon arrival • She is treated for absence of menstrual period (possible cause of derangement) • Her habits become “filthy” • Entries become sporadic over time, sometimes with months and years separating them

25. Julia’s Story Ends… • Died July 23, 1906 of dysentery (age approximately 62) • Spent her entire adult life at the asylum (approximately 44 years) • Buried in WSH cemetery

26. Questions?

27. Library of Virginia www.lva.virginia.gov Virginia Memory www.virginiamemory.com Virginia Heritage Project http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/search