PV industry needs

1. PV industry needs Michel VIAUDGeneral Secretary

2. Market Segments Off-Grid Industrial Consumer Economically viable Off-Grid Residential On-Grid Dependant on market support programs Source: Strategies Unlimited

3. Market projections

4. 1 marine • 2 geothermal • 3 biomass • 4 hydro • 5 wind • 6 solar thermal • PV solar • electricity [%] 100 % RES 29,808 TWh (≡ 80 % of total) Total electricity consumption 36,346 TWh (from 15,578 TWh in 2001, IEA) Source: Own estimates together with "advanced scenario" according to EREC Contribution of PV Solar Electricity to Global Electricity Production in 2040

5. 300 GW/Year @ 2030 25 % p.a. 250 Mrd€ (500 Mrd€) 30 % p.a. 80 Mrd€ (160 Mrd€) 10 Mrd€ (20 Mrd€) PV market increase and necessary investments in production equipment

6. Technology evolution

7. PV Catapult Coordination Action (CA)(EC project – DG Research – FP6) • State-of-the Art and SWOT analysis • Crystallising the fruits of the European RTD + D efforts (Dialogue between R&D and Industry communities EUREC-EPIA) • Engaging the construction Industry in PV • Socio-economic and financial issues • Opportunities, Perspectives, Potentials and Hurdles in the enlarged EU market • Emerging Economies and economies in developing countries • Cross fertilization

8. RTD targets RTD Targets generic  20% Learning Rate Module price < 2 €/Wp 2010 (ST) < 0.9 €/Wp 2020 (MT) < 0.5 €/Wp 2030 (LT) 1 materials cost < 2 efficiency > 3 production cost < (throughput , yield, equipment cost)

9. RTD targets RTD Targets generic  20% Learning Rate (kWh) System price < 3 €/Wp 2010 (ST) 5 kWp < 1.5 €/Wp 2020 (MT) < 1 €/Wp 2030 (LT) 1 Reliability, lifetime > 2 Labour, components cost < 3 Value > (applicability >, environmental impact <)

10. RTD Technology specifictargets • Crystalline Silicon • Solar Grade Silicon 20 €/kg ST • Wafers • Reduction of Silicon content 16 → 10 g/Wp ST • 10 → 7 g/Wp MT • Solar Cells • Cell efficiency > + 4% abs 20-22% Mono 18-20% Multi ST • + 6% abs 22-24% Mono 20-22% Multi MT • Modules • Life expectancy 35 years ST • Interconnect and encapsulation technology ST

11. RTD Technology specifictargets • Thin Film Solar Modules • Scaling up: Yield, throughput (area costs) • Module efficiency > 8 – 10% ST • (1 m2) 14% MT • 20% LT • TCO cost < • Low-cost substrates (e.g flexible) • Modules • Life expectancy 25 years ST • 35 years MT

12. RTD Technology specifictargets • Novel Cell Concepts • Dye Sensitised Cells Proof-of-Commercial Concept ST • Polymer/Organic ,, MT • Life expectancy 5-10 years ST • 10-20 years MT • Module efficiency > 4- 6% ST • (> 0.1 m2) 10% MT • 15% LT • Markets: consumer ST • power LT

13. RTD Technology specifictargets • Systems • General Standardization • Storage cost-effective • environmental benign (eg H2) • On-grid • Inverter (kW) Life expectancy 20 years ST • Price < 0.35 €/Wp ST • BIPV Module as standard building element ST • Off-grid 0.20 €/kWh (battery, extracted) ST • 0.15 €/kWh MT • Concentrators Low-cost lens and tracking systems MT

14. PV Catapult Coordination Action (CA)(EC project – DG Research – FP6) • State-of-the Art and SWOT analysis • Crystallising the fruits of the European RTD + D efforts (Dialogue between R&D and Industry communities) • Engaging the construction Industry in PV • Socio-economic and financial issues • Opportunities, Perspectives, Potentials and Hurdles in the enlarged EU market • Emerging Economies and economies in developing countries

15. BIPV characteristics • (Potentially) low BOS costs • (In principle) best use of existing mounting and grid infrastructure • (Without subsidy influence) best value of electricity is at the point of use • Integration with Home Energy System

16. Statement of the BIPV in the EU • Lack of European strategy for BIPV development • Lack of effective common research between Building and PV institutes • Concern all the PV technologies • The largest potential for PV applications

17. Changes in Landscape • Need for European (BIPV) RTD Strategy • EU PV Program • European Coherency and Coordination with MS • Maturing industry • “Planning” projects • Close collaboration between research – industry- construction sector

18. PV Catapult Coordination Action (CA)(EC project – DG Research – FP6) • State-of-the Art and SWOT analysis • Crystallising the fruits of the European RTD + D efforts (Dialogue between R&D and Industry communities EUREC-EPIA) • Engaging the construction Industry in PV • Socio-economic and financial issues • Opportunities, Perspectives, Potentials and Hurdles in the enlarged EU market • Emerging Economies and economies in developing countries • Cross fertilization

19. Recommendations • Establish strategy for BIPV (Research infrastructures in R&D policy ?) between the Building (R&D and Industry) and the PV (R&D and Industry)communities • Support manufacturers of building components • Reinforce cooperation between architects, construction sector, PV developers, etc.

20. Process of setting strategy Industry Community Provide first results to the PV Platform Set Priorities Discuss R&D Community Berlin(R&D)Paris(R&D+BIPV) Brussels(R&D)Nice(BIPV) Jan. 04 Jun. 04 Nov. 04 May 05 End 2005

21. National Programmes Mirror Group Steering Committee PV Secretariat Developing Countries Group Science, Technology & Application Group Research Infrastructures ? Information, Promotion, Education & Market Deployment Group BIPV Policy & Instruments Group EU PV Technology Platform

22. Thank you for your attention !