Understanding Audio Video

1. Understanding Audio Video

2. Understanding Audio Video • Presented by: • Hubbell Premise Wiring • Glenn Kierstead • Senior Product Manager – Copper Systems • gkierstead@hubbell-premise.com

3. Convergence Convergence “The Underlying Trend” • One LAN – Voice, Data, Audio-Video, HVAC, Security, Lighting, Asset/Device Management & PoE Appliances • Expand capabilities – Unified Messaging • Video Conferencing • Web-based conferencing with voice and presentations • Long Distance Learning • Home Offices • Connection point-to-point to packet based networks • Wireless, VoIP • Collaboration • “Whiteboarding” • Drivers • Major Endorsement • Cisco, HP, Microsoft, Apple, etc. • AVIT, Crestron, Extron, AMX, etc. • High level customer interest • Cost savings / Revenue opportunity • Enhanced productivity

4. Future Proofing Improved Customer Satisfaction Productivity & Mobility Convergence Enhanced Communications Improving Device – Asset Management Reducing TCO Why Convergence? • IP convergence benefits business and employees: • Reducing complexity and improving asset management • Reducing the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) • Enhancing business communications • Increasing employee productivity and mobility • Improving customer satisfaction • Future proof investment

5. AVIT – What has Changed • Convergence • The Evolution of AV Systems • Ol’ Ma Bell (99.999) • Customers’ Expectation • IT has Set the Bar • Higher Standards for AV Integration

6. Market Drivers • Products driving demand • Displays, Wireless, Control Systems and Projectors. • Growth is driven by display systems • Expected to grow with an average of 12% annually over the next five years. • Display Systems Growth – Led several IT companies to enter the market to offer competitive products.

7. Who is the AV Market? • Vertical Market Segments • Business and Corporate • Government and Military • Education • House of Worship • Broadcasting • Hospitality • Healthcare • Museums • Retail • Legal and Courts • Transportation • Sports, Entertainment and Theme Parks

8. Audio – Connections & Applications

9. RCA Connector RCA Connector • Type of standard, low-level signal interconnect termination or connector featuring a single, cylindrical metal rod and an outer, round metal belt. • RCA interconnects are unbalanced designs used in almost all systems and between almost any type of audio/video component. Applications • Most Consumer electronic equipment • Home Theater (Surround Sound) • DVD, CD, Receivers, Cassette, VCR, Cable Box, etc. • Pro Audio • Mixing Boards, Amplifiers & Component Units • Speaker connections • Broadcast studios • Speakers • Computers • Video Cameras • Home recording equipment

10. white RCA/TS analog audio, left channel;also mono (RCA/TS), stereo (TRS only),or undefined/other black RCA/TS/TRS grey RCA/TS/TRS red RCA/TS analog audio, right channel orange RCA SPDIF digital audio RCA Connector Applications Audio Applications

11. Speaker/Binding/Banana Jacks Binding Posts • A high-quality terminal connection able to accept multiple types of speaker wire with a variety of terminations or ends. • Bindings screw down onto bare wire or utilize Banana jacks for connecting. Banana Jacks • A speaker wire termination consisting of a single, fat shaft which bulges on the sides similar to a banana. • The banana termination provides the most contact area of any other speaker wire termination. • Ensuring maximum signal and power transfer Speaker Terminal • A quick release spring loaded pushbutton terminal allowing for easy termination of speaker wire. Applications • Speakers • Most Consumer electronic equipment • Home Theater (Surround Sound) • DVD, CD, Receivers, Cassette, VCR, Cable Box, etc. • Pro Audio Equipment • Test Equipment Color-Code: Red Active or positive terminal Black Inactive or negative terminal

12. 3.5mm Stereo Jacks • 3.5mm Stereo Jack • Designed in today’s electronic equipment that features remote speakers, headsets, and headphones. • Applications • Computers • Video Cameras • Personal/Portable Devices • Consumer electronic equipment • Test equipment • Speakers • Headphones

13. Green TRS 3.5mm stereo output, front channels Black TRS 3.5mm stereo output, rear channels Grey TRS 3.5mm stereo output, side channels Gold TRS 3.5mm dual output, center and subwoofer Blue TRS 3.5mm stereo input, line level Pink TS 3.5mm mono microphone input 3.5mm Stereo Jacks Today’s most common Audio interfaces available. Designed in portable and computer based electronic equipment, this connection allows for Audio in and out, for headsets, headphones, Line-In , microphones, speakers & surround sound applications.

14. ¼” Stereo Jacks • 1/4” Stereo Jacks • Designed for use in broadcasting, intercom and PA systems, switchboards, and commercial, industrial and military communications equipment. • Commonly mounted in panels or chassis • Applications • Pro Audio • PA Systems, Mixing Boards, Amplifiers & Component Units • Guitars & Speaker connections • Broadcast studios • Intercom Systems • Home recording equipment • Test equipment

15. Stereo Jacks • Sleeve: usually ground • Ring: Right channel for stereo signals, negative phase for balanced mono signals • Tip: Left channel for stereo signals, positive phase for balanced mono signals, signal line for unbalanced mono signals • Insulating rings

16. 3-Pin XLR • XLR • The standard connector for digital and analog balanced line interconnect between audio equipment. • The balanced nature of XLR connections result in very low distortion due to noise. • XLR cable uses three wires, one for the positive signal, one for the negative signal and one for the ground. • Applications • Pro Audio • PA Systems, Mixing Boards, Amplifiers & Component Units • Microphones & Speaker connections • Broadcast studios • Auditoriums • Gymnasiums • Church’s • Intercom Systems

17. Pin Function 1 Chassis ground (cable shield) 2 Normal polarity ("hot") 3 Inverted polarity ("cold") “Balanced Audio” • Balanced audio is a method of interconnecting audio equipment using impedance-balanced lines. Balanced connections use three-conductor connectors, usually the XLR or TRS jack plug. XLR connectors are the preferred connector of choice, because of their durable construction. • The balanced nature of XLR connections result in very low distortion due to noise.

18. Speakon Connector Speakon • Speakon connector is commonly used in pro audio systems,connecting loudspeakers to amplifiers.   • It features a quick-locking system with options for soldered or screw-type for easy repair in the field. • Patch Cords “female only” mate with “male only” panel connectors  • Speakon is an alternative to 1/4", two-pole twist lock, and XLR connectors for loudspeaker Applications • Superior to 1/4" jack because of its ability to lock the plug to the socket preventing the speaker from becoming disconnected by movement or other forces. • Provides a fully-insulated connection to equipment, eliminating electrical shock risks associated with high power audio amplifiers. Applications • Pro Audio • PA Systems, Amplifiers & Component Units • Speaker connections • Cable Assemblies • Broadcast studios • Auditoriums • Entertainment Industry

19. Video – Connections & Applications

20. Video Connection Types • F-Connector CATV • RCA – Composite • S-Video • BNC – Component • 15-Pin VGA Style • DVI • HDMI

21. Video Applications Digital • HDMI • DVI Analog • RGB • Component • S-Video • Composite • NTSC

22. F-Connector F-Connector • The F-Connector features a single thin metal shaft in its center with a round metal band around the outside. The band is machined to screw onto an F-jack on the back of a TV or VCR. • TV Channels • Standard Broadband • F-Connector RG6 Coax • Audio and Video on the same line Applications • TV, CCTV, CATV & Satellite • Home Theater & Entertainment Systems • Security & Surveillance Systems • VCR • Computer Capture Cards

23. Television Standards • National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) • Japan and North America (4.43 & 3.58) analog standard • Phase Alternating Line (PAL) • Asia, UK, Europe analog standard • SEquential Couleur Avec Memoire (SECAM) • France and Russia analog standard • ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) • New U.S. digital (DTV) standard; incl. HDTV formats • 8 different image formats

24. RCA Connector RCA • Type of standard, low-level signal interconnect termination or connector featuring a single, cylindrical metal rod and an outer, round metal belt. • RCA interconnects are unbalanced designs used in almost all systems for video. • Composite • Y/C • Component Applications • Most Consumer electronic equipment • Home Theater & Entertainment Systems • DVD, VCR, CATV, Satellite, Game Box, etc. • Computers • Video Capture Cards • Video Editing • Cameras, Camcorders & Projectors • Security & Surveillance Systems

25. yellow RCA/BNC composite video red RCA/BNC red or Pr/Cr chrominance green RCA/BNC green or luminance blue RCA/BNC blue or Pb/Cb chrominance white BNC horizontal sync black BNC vertical sync RCA Connector Applications Video Applications

26. Composite Video • Composite video combines all the aspects of a video (RGBHV) into one single signal • One of the most common video signals • Issues • Decoding Artifacts • Dot crawl • Color Errors • Low Detail

27. S-Video Connector S-Video Connectors • 4-Pin mini din connector, separating video signals into 2 signals Y/C, chrominance (C) (color) and luminance (Y) (brightness) portions of the video signal resulting in superior picture quality versus composite video. Applications • Video Distribution • TV, Cable, Satellite • DVD, Game Boxes • Cameras, Camcorders & Projectors • Security & Surveillance Systems • Home Theater & Entertainment Systems

28. S-Video (Y/C) • S-Video or Y/C • Method of transmitting video signals by separating out the chrominance (C) (color) and luminance (Y) (brightness) portions of the video signal resulting in superior picture quality. • By separating the color from the brightness, the distortions encountered can be eliminated.

29. S-Video Signals Chrominance • Chrominance is abbreviated with the letter “C” • The color portion of a video signal carrying the saturation and tint (hue) information for any given point in the image. • Higher chrominance levels produce more powerful or stronger colors

30. S-Video Signals Luminance • Luminance is abbreviated with the letter “Y.” • The black and white portion of a video signal which carries the information for brightness and darkness and contrast. Luminance ranges from pure black to pure white. When combined with the color portion (chrominance), a complete video image can be developed.

31. BNC-Connector BNC-Connector • A professional quality cable termination which is used primarily in labs and professional studios as an interconnect. • The BNC connector has a thin central pin and an outer rounded metal belt. The connector pushes onto its jack and twists to the side locking in place. Applications • TV, CCTV, CATV, Satellite & Monitors • Home Theater & Entertainment Systems • Security & Surveillance Systems • Projectors • Computers • Audio & Speaker Connections • Test Equipment • Wireless

32. Component Video • Use Red Blue & Green Cables • 3 Wire for Y, Pr, Pb • An alternative type of componentization • Multiple chrominance channels allow for more precision and speed in mapping the RGB color space. • This scheme is the type of signal is usually what is meant when people talk of component video. • High Definition Format

33. 15-Pin High Density D-Sub HD 15-Pin • Is a standardized connector that is used in connecting monitors to a PC. Transmits high quality component video signal (RGBHV) Applications • HDTV, Computer & Viewing Monitors, Projectors, Flat screens, Plasma Screens • Computers, Laptops • Security & Surveillance Systems • High End Home Theater & Entertainment Systems

34. SVGA Style Video High Density 15-Pin D-Sub Connector • Transferring analog video information from one device to a monitor or viewing station using a high density 15-Pin D-Sub connection. The signal being transmitted is component video which is individual signals such as red, green and blue (RGB) resulting in the highest quality signal transfer and lowest distortion. “SVGA Style” applications also utilize pins 10, 13 & 14 to transmit Vertical and Horizontal Sync signals.

35. Video Terms and Resolutions

36. RGBHV • 5 Separate Signals RGBHV • No encoding or decoding • Wide Bandwidth • Standard on PC’s and Laptops • Projectors • Connections • 15-Pin HD • 5 BNC’s

37. DVI DVI • Digital Video Interface • Is a standardized connector that is The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video interface standard designed to maximize the visual quality of digital display devices such as flat panel LCD computer displays and digital projectors. Applications • HDTV, Computer & Viewing Monitors, Projectors, Flat screens, Plasma Screens • Computers, Laptops • Security & Surveillance Systems • High End Home Theater & Entertainment Systems

38. DVI Connections Digital Video Interface (DVI) • DVI or Digital Visual Interface, a digital interface standard created by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG) to convert analog signals into digital signals to accommodate both analog and digital monitors. • Data is transmitted using the transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) protocol, providing a digital signal from the PC's graphics subsystem to the display. • A single connection encompass both digital and/or legacy VGA interfaces • DVI handles bandwidths supporting UXGA and HDTV. • Component Video is being transmitted

39. DVI-I (Single Link) DVI-I (Dual Link) DVI-D (Single Link) DVI-D (Dual Link) DVI-A DVI Connections DVI Connectors • The DVI connector come in 3 different styles, depending on signal transmission. • DVI-D (digital only) • DVI-A (analog only) • DVI-I (digital & analog) • Video signal: • Digital video stream • (Single) WUXGA 1920 × 1200 @ 60 Hz • (Dual) WQXGA (2560 × 1600) @ 60 Hz • Analog RGB video (-3 db at 400 MHz) • Data signal: • R,G,B data + clock and display data channel • Bandwidth: • (Single) 3.7 Gbit/s • (Dual) 7.4 Gbit/s or more • Pins: 29 • Cable Type: • Standard DVI Cable Assemblies • Note: Can Not Be Field Terminated • Standard DVI Distance Limitation • 15 feet 1920 x 1200 • 50 feet 1280 x 1024

40. 480p, 720i, 1080p What? • 1080i/p What does this mean? • The number 1080 stands for the number of lines of vertical resolution (1080) • The Letter (i/p) represents the type of video – Interlaced or Progressive Scan • Ultra High Definition 1440 & 2160

41. What is Interlaced? • Interlace is a technique of improving the picture quality of a video signal by removing flicker without consuming any extra bandwidth giving the perception of more detail. – (half of the bandwidth) • Interlaced Scanning is the separating the frame into two fields • Odd and Even Odd Field Even Field

42. What is Progressive Scan? • Progressive what? • Progressive or noninterlaced scanning is any method for displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in which all the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence. • Full image • Line scanned in top to bottom sequence • Twice the amount of Bandwidth • Advantages • Easier video authoring • Subjectively higher vertical resolution • Eliminates visual artifacts • Intentional blurring • Faster video processing from source to display

43. HDMI HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface • HDMI is an all-digital audio/video interface capable of transmitting uncompressed streams. HDMI provides an interface between any compatible digital audio/video source, such as a set-top box, a DVD player, or an AV receiver and a compatible digital audio and/or video monitor, such as a digital television (DTV). Applications • HDTV, Computer & Viewing Monitors, Projectors, Flat screens, Plasma Screens • Digital Signage • Computers • High End Home Theater & Entertainment Systems

44. Standard HDMI Distance Limitation 28 AWG Cable Assemblies 5-Meters 24 AWG Cable Assemblies 12-Meters Always Check Cable/Device Manufacturer’s Specifications Audio signal: PCM, DVD-Audio, Super Audio CD, Dolby True HD, DTS-HD Master Audio Video signal: 480i, 480p, 576i, 576p, 720p,1080i, 1080p HDMI Connectors Type A connector has 19 pins, bandwidth supporting SDTV, EDTV, HDTV. The outside dimensions of the plug is 13.9 mm wide by 4.45 mm high. Type A is electrically compatible with single-link DVI-D. Type B connector is a higher resolution version defined in HDMI 1.0. 29 pins (21.2 mm wide by 4.45 mm high), allowing it to carry an expanded video channel for use with very high-resolution future displays – (WQSXGA (3200x2048). Type B is electrically compatible with dual-link DVI-D, but is not in general use. The Type C mini-connector is designed for portable multimedia devices (camcorders, cameras, etc). Outside dimensions (10.42 mm by 2.42 mm). Type C has the same 19-pin configuration as Type A. HDMI

45. HDMI Standards

46. HDMI 1.3 What is HDMI 1.3 • Higher speed - 10.2 Gbps • Bandwidth more than doubled from 165 MHz (4.95 Gbps) to 340 MHz (10.2 Gbps) to support Higher Resolution, Faster Refresh, and Deep Color • Lip sync correction • Audio Sync timing Compensation • New mini connector • Cameras and Camcorders • Deep Color support • Extended color gamut for more natural and realistic color • Broader color space xvYCC • Meets the next generation High Definition Color space

47. Type A Type B USB Connectors USB • Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface devices. It was originally designed for personal computers, but it has become commonplace on scanners, printers, handheld devices such as portable memory devices, video game consoles, PDAs and portable media players Applications • Connecting Peripherals to a Computer(s) • KVM – Keyboards & Mouse devices, Printers, Scanners, External Storage, Networking components • PDAs, Phones, MP3 Players, Gamepads and Joysticks, Digital Voice Recorders, Digital Cameras and Video Recorders

48. Thanks For Your Time!!