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Chapter 6 THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Chapter 6 THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. Section 1: The Age of Invention Section 2: The Rise of Big Business Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize. Section 1: The Age of Invention. Objectives:. How did the development of steel and oil refining affect U.S. industry?

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Chapter 6 THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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  1. Chapter 6THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Section 1: The Age of Invention Section 2: The Rise of Big Business Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize

  2. Section 1: The Age of Invention Objectives: • How did the development of steel and oil refining affect U.S. industry? • What innovations were made in transportation? • How did innovations in communications technology change business practices and daily life in the United States? • How did Thomas Edison’s research laboratory change American life?

  3. Section 1: The Age of Invention Oil refining • resulted in the production of kerosene for fuel and light • allowed the manufacturing of other petroleum products • helped machinery operate

  4. Section 1: The Age of Invention Steel refining • provided a strong, cheap source of building material • allowed expansion of the railroad industry • allowed construction of more complex machines and taller buildings

  5. Section 1: The Age of Invention Transportation innovations • Railroads promoted western settlement, urban growth, and economic prosperity. • Automobiles became a substantial industry. • Airplanes introduced new possibilities.

  6. Section 1: The Age of Invention Communications innovations • The telegraph allowed businesses to place long-distance orders quickly. • The telephone brought both businesses and individuals together. • The typewriter allowed the quick production of legible documents.

  7. Section 1: The Age of Invention Thomas Edison’s research laboratory • the light bulb • the phonograph • early motion-picture camera

  8. Section 2: The Rise of Big Business Objectives: • What arguments did business leaders and social critics make about the role of government in business? • How did business strategies change during the Second Industrial Revolution? • How did entrepreneurs take advantage of changes in business organization? • How did new methods of marketing products change American life?

  9. Section 2: The Rise of Big Business Concerning government’s role in business • Business leaders: • Individuals should be self-reliant. • Businesses prosper most without government interference. • Government interference reduces self-reliance. • Social critics: • Factory life and poor working conditions harm workers. • All citizens should own all means of production. • Government assistance would prevent the best businesses from rising to the top.

  10. Section 2: The Rise of Big Business New business strategies • incorporation • vertical integration • horizontal integration • technological innovation

  11. Section 2: The Rise of Big Business Entrepreneurs take advantage • Carnegie created corporations and used vertical integration to dominate the steel industry. • Rockefeller created corporations and used horizontal integration to dominate the oil industry. • Vanderbilt bought and consolidated many railroad lines. • Westinghouse and Pullman introduced and controlled new railroad technologies.

  12. Section 2: The Rise of Big Business New marketing methods • use of brand names and special packaging • advertising • department stores • catalogs • chain stores

  13. Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize Objectives: • Why did some Americans want trusts to be banned, and how did the government respond? • What types of working conditions did laborers face in the new age of rapid industrialization? • How did the Knights of Labor attempt to address the needs of many workers? • How did businesses react to strikes in the late 1800s, and how did this affect unions?

  14. Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize The banning of trusts • desired because of belief that without competition, large monopolies would have no reason to maintain quality or keep prices low • not accomplished despite passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act

  15. Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize Working conditions • low pay • long hours • unsafe environments • possibility of racial discrimination

  16. Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize The Knights of Labor • included both skilled and unskilled workers • included women and, later, African Americans • organized strikes, marches, and demonstrations • educated and organized workers

  17. Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize Strikes in the late 1800s • Businesses responded with blacklists, yellow-dog contracts, lockouts, and violence. • Business tactics hurt many unions and caused skilled workers to break away from unskilled ones.

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