Typography

1. Typography In Modern Publication Design Compiled by Dianne Smith, CJE Alief Hastings High School Houston, TX

2. Part II: Type Basics

3. Baseline: the imaginary horizontal line upon which all letters rest. Anatomy of a Letter

4. x-height: The height of a lowercase letter with no ascenders or descenders Anatomy of a Letter

5. Anatomy of a Letter Ascender: The part of a letter which extends above the x-height

6. Descender: the part of a lowercase letter which extends below the baseline Anatomy of a Letter

7. Anatomy of a Letter Note: Ascenders and descenders within the same font are exactly the same length

8. Enclosed loops in some letters, such as b, p, q, B, D, etc., are called “bowls”. Anatomy of a Letter

9. Leading: the amount of space between lines of type Anatomy of a Letter

10. Type Measurement In earlier times when type was molded out of metal, it was sold in sizes that were measured in points. Today's digital types can be enlarged or reduced by simply selecting a point size.

11. Type Measurement Line is 1 inch long A traditional point is approximately 1/72 of an inch or .01384 inch. With the advent of desktop publishing, the point became exactly 1/72 of an inch. 12 points = 1 pica, and 6 picas = 1 inch.

12. Type Measurement Line is also 6 picas long. A traditional point is approximately 1/72 of an inch or .01384 inch. With the advent of desktop publishing, the point became exactly 1/72 of an inch. 12 points = 1 pica, and 6 picas = 1 inch.

13. Type Measurement 6 picas=1 inch. A traditional point is approximately 1/72 of an inch or .01384 inch. With the advent of desktop publishing, the point became exactly 1/72 of an inch. 12 points = 1 pica, and 6 picas = 1 inch.

14. Type Measurement So 72 points=1 inch. A traditional point is approximately 1/72 of an inch or .01384 inch. With the advent of desktop publishing, the point became exactly 1/72 of an inch. 12 points = 1 pica, and 6 picas = 1 inch.

15. Type Measurement And 6 picas=1 inch…. A traditional point is approximately 1/72 of an inch or .01384 inch. With the advent of desktop publishing, the point became exactly 1/72 of an inch. 12 points = 1 pica, and 6 picas = 1 inch.

16. Type Measurement So 6 picas=72 points! A traditional point is approximately 1/72 of an inch or .01384 inch. With the advent of desktop publishing, the point became exactly 1/72 of an inch. 12 points = 1 pica, and 6 picas = 1 inch.

17. Type Measurement The point method of measuring is still used for digital type. Often, because some faces have very long ascenders and descenders, these typefaces look smaller than others when both are printed at the same point size. This incongruity is illustrated below:

18. Part II: Type Measurement Summary

19. Type is measured in points. There are 72 points in an inch. • 72-point type is 1 inch tall. • 36-point type is 1/2 inch tall. • 18-point type is 1/4 inch tall.

20. Type is measured from the top of the ascender to the bottom of the descender.

21. Type is measured from the top of the ascender to the bottom of the descender.

22. An ascender is the portion of the letter which extends above the x-height. A descender is the portion of a letter which hangs down below the baseline. Ascender Baseline x-height Descender

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