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Common mistakes and other sundries or tid bits of information

Common mistakes and other sundries or tid bits of information. Wildlife 448 Fall 2011. i.e. versus e.g. i.e. i.e. = id est “That is….” e.g. e.g. = exempli gratia “For example….” When writing they are always followed by a comma: (e.g., moose, elk, caribou) . datum versus data.

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Common mistakes and other sundries or tid bits of information

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  1. Common mistakes and other sundries or tid bits of information Wildlife 448 Fall 2011

  2. i.e. versus e.g. • i.e. • i.e. = id est • “That is….” • e.g. • e.g. = exempli gratia • “For example….” • When writing they are always followed by a comma: (e.g., moose, elk, caribou)

  3. datum versus data • datum • singular— “This datum shows….” • almost never used • data • plural—“The data are….” • almost always incorrectly stated as singular

  4. Cite versus Site • cite • Reference to a citation • e.g., “There were 34 articles cited in that paper.” • site • Reference to a location • e.g., “I found 6 relevant websites.” • e.g., “The study site was covered by water.” • sight • What you do with your eyes • e.g., “The sight I saw at the study site will be widely cited in future journal articles if I can get it published.”

  5. Citation Style • Use an appropriate and approved style (e.g., TWS) • Must include: • Author(s) • Year • Article Title (or book chapter title) • Journal Title (or book title) • Journal volume and Page Numbers (or publisher information) • At minimum, be consistent!

  6. Journal Citation Examples Barrett, M. W., J. W. Nolan, and L. D. Roy. 1982. Evaluation of a hand-held net gun to capture large mammals. Wildlife Society Bulletin 10:108-114. Moore, J. W. 2006. Animal ecosystem engineers in streams. Bioscience 56:237-246. _____. and R. L. Holberton. 2007. Differences in song rate in two populations of yellow warblers. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119:130-133. Books, book chapters, reports, etc. are cited similarly, but require different information

  7. Book/Report Citation Examples Anderson, D. R. 1975. Population ecology of the mallard: V. Temporal and geographic estimates of survival, recovery, and harvest rates. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 125. Bailey, R. G. 1996. Ecosystem geography. Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, New York, USA. O'Neil, T. A., P. Bettinger, B. G. Marcot, B. W. Luscombe, G. T. Koeln, H. J. Bruner, C. Barrett, J. A. Pollock, and S. Bernatas. 2005. Applications of spatial technologies in wildlife biology. Pages 418-464 in C. E. Braun, editor. Techniques for wildlife investigations and management. Sixth edition. The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Wydoski, R. S., and R. R. Whitney. 2003. Inland Fishes of Washington. Second edition. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

  8. In text citations • Cite by author and year • >3 authors use “et al.” • Chronological order (NOT alphabetical) • Citations in the same year THEN use alphabetical • (Brown 1991, Monda 1991, Roberts 1991, Allen 1995) • Avoid • Smith (1998) reported black bears ate more berries in Montana than fish. • Rather rephrase: • Black bears in Montana ate more berries than fish (Smith 1998)

  9. In text citations continued…. • DO NOT QUOTE • If you must quote you must cite (author year: page#)….DO NOT QUOTE • You do not need more than 5 citations per concept. • Unpublished data: • (Initials Last name, affiliation, unpublished data) • Personal communications: • (Initials Last name, affiliation, personal communication)

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