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Basic Electronics

Basic Electronics. Electric Circuit. Components are connected together with electrical wire to form a closed loop. Components are represented by symbols. Electric Circuit. Electrical wire used to connect components is a conductor.

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Basic Electronics

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  1. Basic Electronics

  2. Electric Circuit Components are connected together with electrical wire to form a closed loop. Components are represented by symbols

  3. Electric Circuit • Electrical wire used to connect components is a conductor. • A conductor allows electric current to flow through it easily. • Good conductors include: copper, gold, silver, tin • Copper wire is generally used as it is most cost effective. • All electrical wires have a plastic cover. • Plastic is an insulator. • An insulator does not allow current to flow through it. • Avoids electric shock. • Insulators include: plastic, glass, wood

  4. Electric Circuit Electric Current is the flow of electrons around a circuit. Electrons have a negative charge

  5. Electric Circuit • Electric current is measured with an Ammeter • The ammeter is placed into the circuit (in series) • Unit of measurement is the Ampere or ‘amp’ • Represented by the letter I

  6. Electric Circuit • EMF (electromotive force) is the force that makes electrons flow around a circuit. • EMF is often called Voltage and is provided by the battery. • Higher voltage = more current

  7. Electric Circuit • Voltage is measured using a Voltmeter. • The voltmeter is placed across a component (in parallel) • Unit of measurement is the Volt. • Represented by letter V.

  8. Electric Circuit • Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current. • All components have resistance. • Electrical wire has resistance. • Unit of measurement is the Ohm (Ω) • Represented by the letter R

  9. Electric Circuit Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current. All components have resistance. Electrical wire has resistance. Unit of measurement is the Ohm (Ω) Represented by the letter R

  10. V I R Ohm’s Law Voltage , Current & Resistance are calculated using Ohm’s Law

  11. Series Circuit • Components are connected one after the other • There is only one path for current to flow around

  12. Series Circuit • The current at all points in a series circuit is equal

  13. Series Circuit • The voltage is shared between the components in a series circuit. • Components of equal resistance – voltage is shared equally

  14. The voltage is shared between the components in a series circuit. • Components of unequal resistance – voltage is shared proportionally Series Circuit

  15. Parallel Circuit • Components are connected side by side • There is more than one path for current to flow around

  16. Parallel Circuit The voltage across each path is always the same as the applied voltage • When component resistance in each path is the same

  17. Parallel Circuit The voltage across each path is always the same as the applied voltage • When component resistance in each path is different

  18. Parallel Circuit The voltage across each path is always the same as the applied voltage • When there is more than one component in a path

  19. Parallel Circuit • The current is divided between the paths proportionally (Ohm’s Law)

  20. Motor Control SPST Switch: Polarity connection determines direction of rotation

  21. Motor Control DPDT Switch: • Forward and reverse control of motor

  22. +V C1 C2 C3 C4 0V Motor Control DPDT Switch

  23. Motor Control DPDT Switch: Wiring Diagram

  24. Motor Control DPDT Switch: Wiring Diagram

  25. Motor Control DPDT Switch: Wiring Diagram

  26. Motor Control DPDT Switch: Wiring Diagram +V 0V

  27. Motor Control Forward and reverse control of motor with limit switches

  28. Motor Control Forward and reverse control of motor with limit switches Wiring Diagram +V 0V

  29. Motor Control Forward and reverse control of motor with limit switches

  30. Motor Control Forward and reverse control of motor with limit switches Wiring Diagram +V 0V

  31. Motor Control Will SW1 and SW2 act as limit switches in this circuit?

  32. Sensors Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) • Resistance increases as darkness increases

  33. Sensors Thermistor • Resistance decreases as the temperature increases

  34. BFY51 BFY51 BFY51 BFY51 Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Base Base Base Base Base Emitter Emitter Emitter E C B Transistor Acts as a switch Voltage > 0.6V-0.7V between the base and emitter transistor is on

  35. Transistor Voltage Divider circuit is used to create the turn on voltage between the base and emitter.

  36. LDR Transistor Circuit An LDR changes the voltage according to light levels Dark = LED on

  37. Relay A relay is a switch used to turn other circuits on and off Coil terminals are part of controlling circuit DPDT switch

  38. Relay Position A

  39. Relay Position A NC1 NO2 P1

  40. Relay Position B

  41. Relay Position B NO2 NC2 P2

  42. Relay

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