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Information transfer

Information transfer. Seminar in Library & Information Science. Content. The nature of information transfer Approaches to analysing information transfer Early information transfer models Refinements in information transfer models Use and adaptation of information transfer models

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Information transfer

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  1. Information transfer Seminar in Library & Information Science

  2. Content • The nature of information transfer • Approaches to analysing information transfer • Early information transfer models • Refinements in information transfer models • Use and adaptation of information transfer models • Related models Seminar in Library & Information Science

  3. Information transfer Information & knowledge are created from the application of new techniques, new insights, &/or new research to existing bodies of information & knowledge ‘If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants’ (Isaac Newton) Seminar in Library & Information Science

  4. Writing Reading Popper’s 3 worlds World 1: Objects & events World 2: Cognition World 3: Information Conception Perception Action HKU Faculty of Education

  5. Active Knowledge Represented Knowledge Popper’s 3 worlds World 1: Objects & events World 2: Cognition World 3: Information HKU Faculty of Education

  6. Models Information transfer models highlight the stages where information needs to considered in order to get optimum advantages from it (& minimum negative results from its mismanagement) Seminar in Library & Information Science

  7. Information transfer models Seminar in Library & Information Science

  8. Shannon – Weaver communication model The Shannon-Weaver communication model was initially developed in 1947 to improve telephone line transmission. It has been refined in the succeeding decades It is an influential model that can be applied to all forms of communication Seminar in Library & Information Science

  9. Middleton, 2002 Shannon – Weaver communication model Seminar in Library & Information Science

  10. Shannon – Weaver communication model Seminar in Library & Information Science

  11. Shannon – Weaver communication model Within the Shannon-Weaver model we refer to noise & filters. They may be: • Physical, eg poor technology, reception, competing noise etc • Semantic – refers to problems of meaning, understanding etc Seminar in Library & Information Science

  12. Literacy level Nerves Preconceptions Culture Ambiguity/semantics Mood/emotions Distractions Etc Semantic noise Semantic noise can be a sender and/or receiver problem. It can be caused by: Seminar in Library & Information Science

  13. Information transfer cycle King & Bryant, 1971 Production & distribution Uses & users Collection & storage Interpretation Delivery Recording & representing Accessing Seminar in Library & Information Science

  14. Information transfer spiral (11) Research & Information generation (1) (10) Assimilation by user (9) Physical access Lancaster & King, 1977 (2) Composition (8) Identification & location Generation of knowledge (3) Recording (7) Organization & control (4) Reproduction (5) Distribution (6) Acquisition & storage Seminar in Library & Information Science

  15. Use Create Deliver Collect Access Organise Store Information transfer cycle Choy, 1997 Seminar in Library & Information Science

  16. Create ‘Basic research (fundamental or pure research) has as its primary objective the advancement of knowledge & the theoretical understanding of the relations among variables…. It is conducted without a practical end in mind although it can have unexpected results that point to practical applications. The terms ‘basic’ or ‘fundamental’ research indicate that, through theory generation, basic research provides the foundation for further, often applied research’ Wikipedia Seminar in Library & Information Science

  17. Create Applied research ‘is directed towards specific objectives such as the development of a new drug, therapy or surgical procedure. It involves the application of existing knowledge, much of which is obtained through basic research, to a specific..… problem’ New Jersey Association for Biomedical Research Research leads to creation of new information. An individual can keep it to him/herself or record it & make it available to others Seminar in Library & Information Science

  18. Collect Information/knowledge is recorded in a variety of formats & then made available for collection. Some knowledge may be made publicly available for free or for purchase; some information/knowledge may be kept confidential or have restricted access Organisations & individuals collect recorded information in a systematic way, ie to satisfy their information needs Seminar in Library & Information Science

  19. Organise To make it easier to find required information sources, organisations & individuals arrange collected documents in a coherent way eg by: • Subject/topic • Format/medium • Date creator/author • etc Organisation should match the information seeking behaviour of potential users Seminar in Library & Information Science

  20. Store Information may be kept for short or long periods of time. Storage needs to balance: • Cost • Suitability to format/medium • Preservation needs • Speed of retrieval • Security needs Orgnisations adopt a range of storage methods for different information sources Seminar in Library & Information Science

  21. Access Information seekers require some methods for locating useful information/documents. The larger the quantity & the greater the diversity of information collected, the more complex the access systems required. Catalogs & indexes are typical access systems Access informs the information seeker that a document exists (or doesn’t) within a collection & where they can find it Seminar in Library & Information Science

  22. Deliver Delivery involves the information seeker gaining possession of the document. Organisations provide different levels of delivery based on: • Nature of the items sought • Nature of the information seeker • Preferred format of the document • Cost • Security • etc The information seeker can then use the information Seminar in Library & Information Science

  23. created distributed organised used retrieved stored Information process New research is based on existing research; new information is based on existing information Seminar in Library & Information Science

  24. Information transfer life cycle 15 (i) a level i evaluation Browne,1985 15 (i) b level ii synthesis 16 packaging 14 interpretation 13 analysis 12 retrieval 17 dissemination 15 (ii) b level ii synthesis 15 (ii) a level ii evaluation 11 searching 18 assimilation by individual user Role of information enterprises 10 provision of access 1/19 research & information generation 9 organisation & control 2 composition 5 distribution 6 screening 8 collection & storage 7 selection 3 recording 4 reproduction Seminar in Library & Information Science

  25. Information transfer process 13 packaging re- packaging 11 evaluation 12 synthesis 10 interpretation 14 distribution 9 analysis 15 physical access 16 assimilation by end user 8 retrieval 17/1 research & information generation 7 organisation & control 2 composition 6 collection & storage 4 reproduction 3 recording 5 distribution Browne,1985 Seminar in Library & Information Science Seminar in Library & Information Science 25

  26. Scientific publication cycle Made up of: • Time cycle • Knowledge cycle • Publication cycle • Access cycle What problems in dissemination of scientific information does this model surface? Green & Carey, 2001 Seminar in Library & Information Science

  27. reality data information need query Information system Abstractions & mapping of an information system Korfhage, 1997 Seminar in Library & Information Science

  28. Information system Abstraction 1 In any information system, the ‘real world’ is represented by a collection of data abstracted from observations of the real world & made available to the system Abstraction 2 A user’s information need, whether for production, storage, or retrieval of information, is abstracted into a form that is commensurate with the information system to be used Seminar in Library & Information Science

  29. Retrieval accessible collections of knowledge Restructuring retrieval knowledge knowledge domain 7 Rs of Information management Butcher & Rowley, 1998 Reading Release validated knowledge information Recognition Reviewing subjective knowledge public knowledge Re-interpretation HKU Faculty of Education

  30. information organisation & storage information needs information acquisition information distribution information use information products/ services adaptive behaviour Information management cycle Choo, 1998 Seminar in Library & Information Science

  31. Kuhlthau, 2004 Information search process Seminar in Library & Information Science

  32. References Browne, M. (1985). Information enterprises in Australia: A first profile. Sydney: Kuring-gai College of Advanced Education. School of Library & Information Science. Butcher, D, & Rowley, J. (1998). The 7R’s of information management. Managing Information, 5(2), Choo Chun Wei, 1998. The knowing organization: How organizations use information to construct meaning create knowledge and make decisions. New York: Oxford UP. Choy, F. C. (1996). Educating the new parar-professionals for library and information services. Singapore Libraries, 25(1), 24-37. Green, C., & Carey, P. (2001). Scientific publication cycle. Retrieved February 5 2008, from http://courses.washington.edu/info220a/pubcycle_files/frame.htm Seminar in Library & Information Science

  33. References Kennedy, J. & Schauder, C. (1994). Records management: a guide for students and practitioners of records and information management with exercises and case studies. Melbourne: Longman. King, D. & Bryant, E. (1971. The Evaluation of Information Services and Products. Arlington: Information resources press. Korfhage, R. (1997), Information storage & retrieval. New York: John Wiley. Kuhlthau, C. (2004). Seeking Meaning: A Process Approach to Library and Information Services. Westport: Libraries Unlimited. Seminar in Library & Information Science

  34. References Kuhlthau, C. (2004). Seeking Meaning: A Process Approach to Library and Information Services. Westport: Libraries Unlimited. Middleton, M. (2002). Information management: A consolidation of operations, analysis and strategy, (Topics in Australasian Library and Information Studies, 18). Wagga Wagga: Centre for Information Studies, Charles Sturt University. Seminar in Library & Information Science

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