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History of Project Management

History of Project Management. Farrokh Alemi, Ph.D. Lee Baliton Chris Smith. Ancient History. Examples: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) The Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) Exceptional planning Coordination Allocation Hundreds of thousands of workers

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History of Project Management

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  1. History of Project Management Farrokh Alemi, Ph.D.Lee Baliton Chris Smith

  2. Ancient History • Examples: • The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) • The Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

  3. Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

  4. Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

  5. Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

  6. Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

  7. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

  8. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

  9. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

  10. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

  11. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

  12. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

  13. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling Project Management was not really the same

  14. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce • Seen in transportation, to manufacturing • Large scale projects caused large scale management decisions. • Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad

  15. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce • Seen in transportation, to manufacturing • Large scale projects • Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad

  16. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce • Seen in transportation, to manufacturing • Large scale projects • Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad

  17. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • First large scale project management • Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA

  18. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA

  19. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Railway • Telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA

  20. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA

  21. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific • Central Pacific

  22. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad Source: Wikipedia: Theodore Judah http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Judah

  23. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • Mid-19th century business leaders faced with task of organizing labor in manufacturing and assembly

  24. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • Mid-19th century business leaders faced with task of organizing labor in manufacturing and assembly Coffee break before and now

  25. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Henry Gantt • Modern project management • Construction • Engineering • Defense • Henry Gantt forefather of project management • Known for planning and control techniques • “Gantt” chart keeps track of project schedule.

  26. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Henry Gantt • Modern project management came from construction, engineering, and defense • Henry Gantt forefather of project management • Known for planning and control techniques • “Gantt” chart keeps track of project schedule. Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

  27. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Henry Gantt • Modern project management came from construction, engineering, and defense • Henry Gantt forefather of project management • Known for planning and control techniques • “Gantt” chart keeps track of project schedule. Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

  28. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Gantt chart Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

  29. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Gantt chart Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

  30. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Gantt chart Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

  31. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Gantt chart Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

  32. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Frederic Taylor • Work breakdown • Piecemeal work Source: Fredrick Taylor entry in Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor

  33. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Frederic Taylor Source: Fredrick Taylor entry in Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor

  34. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond • Pre-1950’s ad-hoc project management • Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used • Early 1950’s modern project management

  35. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond • Pre-1950’s ad-hoc project management • Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used • Early 1950’s modern project management

  36. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond • Pre-1950’s ad-hoc project management • Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used • Early 1950’s modern project management

  37. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT • Two mathematical scheduling methods • “Program Evaluation Review Technique” or PERT • Analyzes the tasks • Identifies minimum amount of time

  38. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT • Two mathematical scheduling methods • “Program Evaluation Review Technique” or PERT • Analyzes the tasks • Identifies minimum amount of time Edwin Booz Source: The Story of Consulting: 1920-1939 http://www.agcon.com/HTML/site_content/page_episode_2_en.html

  39. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT • Two mathematical scheduling methods • “Program Evaluation Review Technique” or PERT • Analyzes the tasks • Identifies minimum amount of time Edwin Booz Source: The Story of Consulting: 1920-1939 http://www.agcon.com/HTML/site_content/page_episode_2_en.html

  40. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT Source: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3APert_chart_colored.gif

  41. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT Source: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3APert_chart_colored.gif

  42. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • A CPM diagram based on the following project elements: • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies between the activities.

  43. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • A CPM diagram based on the following project elements: • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies between the activities.

  44. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • CPM diagram • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies between the activities.

  45. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • CPM diagram • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies between the activities.

  46. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • CPM diagram • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies among the activities

  47. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • A CPM diagram based on the following project elements: • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies among the activities

  48. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • CPM diagram of a construction project

  49. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM The blue arrows are tasks that consume resources

  50. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM The blue arrows also have the time required to complete each task

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