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Challenges of Teaching Pharmacology in the 21st Century

Challenges of Teaching Pharmacology in the 21st Century. dr shabeel pn. What Challenges?. How do we prepare students for a career in Pharmacology? How do we combine elements of “traditional pharmacology with modern concepts and discoveries?

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Challenges of Teaching Pharmacology in the 21st Century

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  1. Challenges of Teaching Pharmacology in the 21st Century dr shabeel pn

  2. What Challenges? How do we prepare students for a career in Pharmacology? How do we combine elements of “traditional pharmacology with modern concepts and discoveries? Are students getting a solid foundation of the basics? How do we stay current as instructors and teachers? How do we determine if we are doing a good job?

  3. Pharmacology at UNC Basic Structure/ Core Courses Fall-1st Year PHCO 201- Introduction to Molecular Pharmacology PHCO 331- Pharmacology Seminar Spring-1st Year PHCO 202- Principles of Pharmacology Fall-2nd Year PHCO 220- Biostatistics PHCO 330-Current Topics in Pharmacology Spring-2nd Year PHCO 330- Current Topics in Pharmacology PHCO -Electives/ Special Topics

  4. Pharmacology at UNC Some General Things We Do: Computers All 1st year graduate students receive new lap top computers with “wire-less” internet capabilities. Students can access WEB information during class, useful for teaching Bioinformatics, structural anaylsis and biostatistics. Courses Courses organized into “blocks” with Block-heads organizing the block content, instructors, exams etc. Integrate required aspects of Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics as needed to prepare students for Pharmacology.

  5. The “Core” Courses PHCO 201/202 PHCO 201- 2 credit hours Course Objectives: To introduce basic and essential concepts of Pharmacology to prepare students for detailed mechanism of drug action covered in PHCO 202.

  6. Introduction to Bioinformatics I“Machine-readable biological information” Dr. David P. Siderovski Department of Pharmacology Sept. 1st, 2004

  7. The Entrez System

  8. Use your computer’s clipboard: ^C & ^V (or command-C & command-V)

  9. 21st-Century Advance Tell me everything that’s ever been found here… www.ensembl.org Associating Disease with Genomic DNA:Karyotype analyses p CYTOGENETIC MAP POSITION: q

  10. The Future of Chemotherapy Patient Profiling?

  11. 21st-Century Advance Don’t delay triage of compounds that aren’t “drug-like” Chemical library SAR analyses In vitro ADME / Tox HTS results Assign pharmacophore Combi-chem synthesis Proteins ADME / Tox workup

  12. HTS for Absorption - Model membrane assay: Detect via UV spectroscopy (faster than LC/Mass Spec)

  13. HTS for Absorption - SPR with liposome surface: Danelian, E. (2000) J. Med. Chem. 43:2083-6.

  14. Structure Databases • Protein Data Bank (PDB) with > 22,700 structures • Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) with > 250,000 structures • Text or Sequence Similarity http://www.rcsb.org Estrogen Receptor PDB Molecule of the Month

  15. Structural Neighbors Databases • Structural Neighbors Databases CATH, SCOP, CE, VAST, FSSP Silverleaf whitefly ketose reductase Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase Gprotein beta subunit

  16. PHCO 202- 3 credit hours Course objectives: To teach classical mechanisms of drug action combined with current research discoveries and directions. Course parallels the MED PHARM course taught to Med students. The difference is the amount of mechanism and current research.

  17. PHCO 202 Principles of Pharmacology Example: My lecture on anti-hypertensive agents 1st-half- classical approaches to treat hypertension Mechanism of action of different drug classes Standard view of hypertension treatment 2nd- half- current research in anti-hypertensive Dogma challenging research and re-evaluation of Status-quo. Mechanism of action of novel therapeutics

  18. Antihypertensive Drugs • Drugs Classes • 1. Angiotensive converting enzyme inhibitors- Enalapril, Captopril • 2. Angiotensive receptor antagonists • 3. Aldosterone antagonists • 4. Diuretics • 5. Ganglionic blockers • 6.  receptor antagonists • 7.  receptor antagonists • 8. Direct vasodilators • 9. 2 receptor agonists in CNS • 10. Noradrenergic neuron blockers

  19. Renin/Ang System

  20. PHCO 202 Principles of Pharmacology Incorporation of Current Research Topics Med line searches- updated analysis on drug successes or failures. Assign a manuscript to read: often a current review or research paper to prepare students for specific topics. The shift in the "paradigm" of the pharmacology of hypertension. Flordellis CS, Goumenos D, Kourounis G, Tsementzis SA, Paris H, Vlachojiannis J. Curr Top Med Chem. 2004;4(4):487-98. Dual ACE and neutral endopeptidase inhibitors: novel therapy for patients with cardiovascular disorders. Tabrizchi R.. Drugs. 2003;63(20):2185-202.

  21. Exams Still test the basics! Multiple choice and problem solving Questions Course evaluations collected- feedback sought. Implementing “small Group” strategies to teach key concepts

  22. Electives- “Filling in the Gaps” Some examples: Gene Therapy: Medicine for the 21st Century-Samulski Discovery Biology and Pharmacogenomics- Siderovski, Sondek Protein Kinases as Targets for Novel Pharmacological Inhibitors- Graves, Johnson. Ras Superfamily and Signal Transduction- Der , Cox Molecular Pharmacology of Cancer-Kole

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