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Infant CPR (1 of 2)

Infant CPR (1 of 2). Place infant on firm surface and maintain airway. Place two fingers in the middle of the sternum. Use two fingers to compress the chest about 1/2" to 1" at a rate of 100/min. Infant CPR (2 of 2).

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Infant CPR (1 of 2)

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  1. Infant CPR (1 of 2) • Place infant on firm surface and maintain airway. • Place two fingers in the middle of the sternum. • Use two fingers to compress the chest about 1/2" to 1" at a rate of 100/min.

  2. Infant CPR (2 of 2) • Allow sternum to return briefly to its normal position between compressions. • Coordinate rapid compressions and ventilations in a 5:1 ratio. • Reassess the infant for return of breathing and pulse after 1 minute, then every few minutes.

  3. Child CPR (1 of 2) • Place child on firm surface and maintain airway with one hand. • Place heel of other hand over lower half of the sternum. • Avoid the xiphoid process. • Compress chest about 1" to 1 1/2" at a rate of 100/min.

  4. Child CPR (2 of 2) • Coordinate compressions with ventilations in a 5:1 ratio, pausing for ventilations. • Reassess for breathing and pulse after about 1 minute and then every few minutes. • If the child resumes effective breathing, place child in recovery position.

  5. AED Use in Children • Children over 8 should use the adult AED protocol. • Children ages 1-8: • 1 minute of CPR before AED • Use AED with pediatric capabilities. • Adult AED may be used in local protocols. • Do not use on an infant under 1 year old.

  6. Trauma (1 of 2) Extremity injuries in children are generally managed in the same manner as those in adults.

  7. Trauma (2 of 2) • Be alert for airway problems on all children with traumatic injuries. • Give supplemental oxygen to all children with possible: • Head injuries • Chest injuries • Abdominal injuries • Shock • If ventilation is required, provide at 20 breaths/min.

  8. Immobilization • Any child with a head or back injury should be immobilized. • Young children may need padding beneath their torso. • Children may need padding along the sides of the backboard.

  9. Immobilization in a Child Safety Seat • Assess child for injuries and seat for visible damage. • If child is injured or seat is damaged, remove child to another transport device • Apply padding around child to minimize movement. • Move seat to ambulance and secure according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

  10. Removing a Child froma Child Safety Seat • Remove both the child and the seat from the vehicle. • Place immobilization device behind the child. • Slide child into place on device.

  11. Signs and Symptomsof Respiratory Emergencies • Nasal flaring • Grunting respirations • Use of accessory muscles • Retractions of rib cage • Tripod position in older children

  12. Emergency Care • Provide supplemental oxygen in the most comfortable manner. • Place child in position of comfort. • This may be in caregiver’s lap. • If patient is in respiratory failure, begin assisted ventilation immediately. • Continue to provide supplemental oxygen.

  13. Shock • Circulatory system is unable to deliver sufficient blood to organs. • Many different causes • Patients may have increased heart rate, respirations, and pale or mottled skin. • Children do not show decreased blood pressure until shock is severe.

  14. Assessing Circulation • Pulse: Above 160 beats/min suggests shock • Skin signs: Assess temperature and moisture • Capillary refill: Is it delayed? • Color: Is skin pink, pale, ashen, or mottled?

  15. Emergency Medical Carefor Shock • Ensure airway. • Give supplemental oxygen. • Provide immediate transport. • Continue monitoring vital signs en route. • Contact ALS for backup as needed.

  16. Seizures • May present in several different ways • A postictal period of extreme fatigue or unresponsiveness usually follows seizure. • Be alert to presence of medications, poisons, and possible abuse.

  17. Febrile Seizures • Febrile seizures are most common in children from 6 months to 6 years. • Febrile seizures are caused by fever. • Generally last less than 15 minutes • Assess ABCs and begin cooling measures. • Provide prompt transport.

  18. Emergency Medical Careof Seizures (1 of 2) • Perform initial assessment, focusing on the ABCs. • Securing and protecting the airway is the priority. • Place patient in the recovery position. • Be ready to suction.

  19. Emergency Medical Careof Seizures (2 of 2) • Deliver oxygen by mask, blow-by, or nasal cannula. • Begin BVM ventilation if no signs of improvement. • Call ALS for backup if appropriate.

  20. Dehydration • Determine if child is vomiting or has diarrhea and for how long. • “How many wet diapers has the child had during the day?” (6 to 10 is normal) • “What fluids are the child taking?” • “What was the child’s weight before the symptoms started?” • “Has the child been normally active?”

  21. Emergency Medical Carefor Dehydration • Assess the ABCs. • Obtain baseline vital signs. • ALS backup may be needed for IV administration.

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