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VI. Emergence of Political Parties

VI. Emergence of Political Parties. Whiskey Rebellion. How did the Whiskey Rebellion influence the creation of political parties? Political groups called Democratic Societies supported the rebellion. These clubs became the basis for the Democratic-Republican Party .

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VI. Emergence of Political Parties

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  1. VI. Emergence of Political Parties

  2. Whiskey Rebellion • How did the Whiskey Rebellion influence the creation of political parties? • Political groups called Democratic Societies supported the rebellion. These clubs became the basis for the Democratic-Republican Party. • The Federalist Party formed in reaction to the clubs.

  3. Critically Thinking: • Though George Washington supported most Federalist beliefs, he refused to declare himself a Federalist. Why? • George Washington opposed parties and did not want to side with one faction over another. • What did he say about political parties in his Farewell Address? • “Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful (destructive) effects of the spirit of party generally.”

  4. Federalist Hamilton & Adams Supported the policies of Washington administration Rule by the wealthy Loose interpretation of Constitution Liked strong federal gov. Emphasis on manufacturing National bank Protective tariffs Supported Britain Democratic-Republicans Jefferson & Madison Wanted to limit power of federal govt Rule by the people Strict/literal interpretation of the Constitution Strong state govs. Emphasis on agriculture State banks Free trade Supported French The Parties Emerge

  5. A. Election of 1796 • John Adams narrowly defeated Thomas Jefferson in the 1796 presidential election • Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) winning southern states • Adams (Federalist) winning northern states • Due to an awkward feature of the Constitution, Jefferson became Adams’ Vice-President • Constitution was amended in 1804 to avoid a similarly awkward situation

  6. VIII. Nativism • Nativism is the political position of demanding a favored status for certain established inhabitants of a nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants. • ^ H. B. Entzinger; Marco Martiniello; Catherine Wihtol de Wenden (2004). Migration between states and markets. Ashgate. p. 19.ISBN978-0-7546-4231-2. Read Pages 202-203

  7. VIII. Nativism cont. • Nativism typically means opposition to immigration and support of efforts to lower the political or legal status of specific ethnic or cultural groups because the groups are considered hostile or alien to the natural culture, and assumptions that they cannot be assimilated. • ^ Thomas J. Curran, "Assimilation and Nativism," International Migration Digest, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Spring, 1966), pp. 15-25

  8. VIII. Nativism cont. • Consider: The Native American Indians were the only true Native Americans. Nonetheless, as the direct result of • Written and broken treaties • Catastrophic military failures • Lack of competitive scientific and technological know how • Forced assimilation • the Indians were virtually destroyed by the European immigration that created the United States. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativism_(politics)

  9. VIII. Nativism cont. • Nativism gained its name from the "Native American" parties. In this context "Native" does not mean indigenous or American Indian but rather those descended from the inhabitants of the original Thirteen Colonies. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativism_(politics) • These groups were opposed to • Radicals fleeing Revolutionary France • Irish Roman Catholics

  10. Naturalization Act 1790 • The original United States Naturalization Law of March 26, 1790provided the first rules to be followed by the United States in the granting of national citizenship • Limited naturalization to immigrants who were: • free white persons • of good moral character (required 2 years in the US and 1 year in the state of residence) • It thus excluded: • Native American Indians • Indentured servants • Slaves • Free blacks • Asians

  11. Naturalization Act 1790 • It also provided for citizenship for the children of US citizens born abroad, but specified that the right of citizenship did not descend to persons whose fathers had never been residents in the United States.

  12. Naturalization Acts • Naturalization Act of 1795 • Extended the residency requirement to 5 years • Naturalization Act of 1798 • Extended the residency requirement to 14 years

  13. Alien & Sedition Acts • Federalists (J. Adams) exploited the war fever (undeclared war with France) by passing the controversial Alien & Sedition Acts 1789 • Alien Actallowed the president to arrest and deport immigrants who criticized the federal government • New immigrants supported Dem-Rep, so Federalists made it difficult for them to become citizens

  14. A. Alien & Sedition Acts cont. • Sedition Act made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit the federal government • Criticism undermined trust in the government • Federalists used this Act to silence Dem-Rep • Trial by Jury. Jury could acquit a defendant, but defendants had to prove their innocence • 10 men convicted of sedition

  15. Reaction to Acts • Opposition to Federalist Party grew • Movement to allow states to overturn federal laws grew • Discouraged immigration, Some foreigners left the country • 10 republican newspaper editors convicted for writing against the government • Nativism became a major political issue in the 1800 election

  16. Domestic Affairs • The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions • Authored by T. Jefferson and J. Madison in 1798-99 • Claimed the Alien & Sedition Acts were Unconstitutional • Kentucky Resolution suggested that states nullify federal laws considered unconstitutional • Reaffirmed principle of states rights

  17. Domestic Affairs cont. • Controversy over these resolutions (balance of state and federal power) threatened the to dissolve the Union • Ultimately, the balance was decided by the election of 1800

  18. IX. Election of 1800 • Alien & Sedition Acts unpopular • New excise taxes unpopular • As 1800 election approached Federalist urged Adams to rush to war with France • Adams declined and appointed representatives to make peace • Federalists turned against Adams • Dem-Republicans had better chance in 1800 since Federalists had chaos in their party • Adams (Federalist) lost the election to Jefferson (Dem-Rep)

  19. IX. Election of 1800 • Another confusing election • Jefferson and Aaron Burr were running mates • They tied electoral votes, so election decided by House of Representatives • Hamilton preferred Jefferson to Burr, so Jefferson became President • A peaceful transition from Federalist leadership to Democratic-Republican leadership resulted (precedent) • 1804, Constitution amended • 1804, Burr killed Hamilton in a duel

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