Unit 2 The French Revolution Chapter 7

1. Unit 2 The French RevolutionChapter 7 1789-1815 Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

2. European Monarchies 1750-1789

3. Question of the Day • What are some current issues facing the American people that cause great divisiveness and anger?

4. Causes of the French Revolution

5. Revolution and France • Old Regime – existing system of Feudalism under a King and Queen • People divided into three estates, or social classes • First Estate • Second Estate • Third Estate

6. First Estate • Clergy of Roman Catholic Church • Anti-Enlightenment • Owned 10% of land • 2% of income to taxes • 1% of population

7. Second Estate • Rich nobles held high offices in gov’t • Anti-Enlightenment • Owned 30% of land • Paid almost no taxes • 1-2% of population

8. Third Estate • Consisted of three groups • Bourgeoisie • Workers • Peasants • 98% of population • 80% of pop. are peasants

9. Third Estate • People paid most of their income in • taxes (like soap, salt &bread) • dues to nobles • tithes to the church • Growing resentment towards 1st and 2nd Estates • Pro-Enlightenment ideas

10. Weak Government • King Louis XVI inherits debt • Borrowed to help American colonies defeat the British • Crop failures and bread shortages • Marie Antoinette – (Queen) overspending and uncaring

11. Estates General • France faced bankruptcy - Louis XVI called an Estates General - assembly of representatives from all three estates to air grievances – a “cahier” for the 3rd Estate • Met May 5, 1789 at Versailles • Unfair voting practices led to more anger

12. Tennis Court Oath • June 17, 1789 Third Estate establishes the National Assembly proclaiming the end of monarchy and the start of representative government • Tennis Court Oath – indoor tennis court where delegates would stay until they made a new constitution (Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen) • The First Act of Real Revolution

13. Question of the Day • What are some “Injustices” students face at Central Bucks South? • What can be done to solve these problems? • Create a CBS Cahier to express your anger

14. QoD!! “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely” Lord Acton (1834-1902)

15. The Terror • Maximilien Robespierre becomes dictator • Closes churches, changes calendar • (no Sundays, new dates) • “Republic of Virtue” • Reign of Terror

16. King Louis XVI Executed • Political clubs – The Jacobins – wanted to remove the King permanently • Louis tried for treason and found guilty • Guillotined January 21, 1793

17. End of Robespierre • National Convention leaders knew they were not safe from Robes… • Executed on July 28, 1794 • Public opinion shifted to the Right (conservative) • The Directory 1795 Death Mask of Robespierre

18. Question of the Day • What are your feelings about Capital Punishment? • That is…The Death Penalty for Capital Crimes

19. French Governments 1789-1795 3. The Legislative Assembly Limited Constitutional Monarchy Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives 4. The National Convention King and Queen executed Robespierre becomes dictator The Terror!!! 5. THE DIRECTORY 1. The Old Regime • King and Queen • Three Estates • Feudal System 2. The National Assembly • Declaration of the Rights of Man • Abolish Feudalism and make everyone “equal”

20. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Forges an Empire Chapter 7 Sections 3 and 4

21. QoD • What makes a person “GREAT”? • Based on your definition of greatness, who in today’s world could be considered “great”? Example and explain • Think about all walks of life…politics, entertainment, sports, teaching, etc. THINK ABOUT: Changing people’s lives, innovative ideas, leadership, empathy, caring, motivating, power, money, intelligent?

22. Nationalism • The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation-that is to people who share a culture and history- rather than to a king or empire

23. Napoleon Bonaparte • During the 1790’s- • Defeated peasant uprising • Defeated Austria in battle – protected France • Changed the way war was fought • By 1799 seen as a French hero • Beloved by his soldiers ($$$) • and the French people

24. Coup d’Etat • Encouraged to assume political power by The Directory • November 9, 1799 given full control of the military, gov’t immediately overthrown • Becomes de facto Dictator – The First Consul

25. Internal France Napoleonic Code Uniform set of Laws Louisiana Purchase (1803) $15 MIL goes straight to French military Emperor December 2, 1804 Wants his empire to include all of Europe AND into the Western Hemisphere • 1800-1804 plebiscites elections gave NAP total power • Taxation equality • National banking system • Set up lycees– gov’t run schools • Signed concordat with Pope Pius VII • Restored relations with the Church

26. Napoleon Biography • The Glory of France • Video Analysis

27. External Enemies • NAP defeats European military powers • Ignites French Nationalism • Continues military campaign to rule Europe • Spreading Enlightenment Ideas • really is self-serving

28. The Downfall of Napoleon • The Battle of Trafalgar • Lost French Navy • The Continental System • Couldn’t block British ports • The Peninsular War • Lost in Spain • The Invasion of Russia • Winter! Lost 500,000 troops • The 100 Days (his first exile) • Regained power & troops • Waterloo • Final battle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oi84d8U4Wt8

29. Hitler Visiting Napoleon’s Tomb

30. The Congress of ViennaCh. 7 Section 5 • European powers wanted to restore stability • Austrian Prince Klemens von Metternich has • Three goals: • Containment Surround France with strong countries • Balance of Power Strengthen all European nations • Legitimacy Restore Europe’s royal families

31. Congress of Vienna • LONG TERM RESULTS • Monarchies restored • Aristocracy elevated • Increased power of Britain and Prussia (soon to be Germany 1871) • Increased Nationalism in Europe • Seeds of Revolution throughout the world BUT peace in Europe for 100 years (basically)

33. “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely”Lord Acton (1834-1902) In-Class Writing AssignmentIn five paragraphs, explain how this quote relates to King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Robespierre, and/or Napoleon Bonaparte. Use at least THREE specific examples for each person to support your response

34. Battle of Trafalgar 1805 • French navy defeated by British fleet • Horatio Nelson scores victory – dies • RESULTS • Assured British naval supremacy • NAP can’t invade Britain • Wants to defeat Britain even more

35. The Continental System 1806 • Blockade of British imports and exports to weaken England’s economy • Thanks to Trafalgar, British Navy too strong and blockade not tight enough • RESULTS • Weakened French economy • Weakened European economy • European nations hated NAP

36. The Peninsular War 1808-1813 • Portugal not adhering to NAP • NAP brother Joseph King of Spain • Spanish riot in protest • Guerrilla Warfare and British send troops to aid rebels • RESULTS • Can’t defeat guerrillas and British • French Lose 300,000 troops • Other countries have HOPE… • NATIONALISM!!!

37. Invasion of Russia 1812 • Czar Alexander retreats to Moscow • Scorched-earth policy/slash & burn • Battle of Moscow – Russians burn city • October – too late to advance too late to retreat • RESULTS • Fierce winter defeats French army – NAP retreats • NAP left France with 600,000 returns with 10,000 • Severely weakens French military

38. Napoleon’s Defeat • October 1813 NAP defeated at Battle of Leipzig • By January 1814 enemies marching towards Paris • April 1814 NAP surrenders • Exiled to island of Elba

39. The 100 Days Lord Wellington “Nosey” • Louis XVIII on throne – unpopular brother of XVI • NAP escapes from Elba and quickly re-establishes his military • Louis XVIII flees • June 1815 NAP defeated at Battle of Waterloo • Exiled to St. Helena • Dies 1821 - Cancer?