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Water Driven Micro Generator

Water Driven Micro Generator. Team #13 Yetkin Yigit David Wetherholt Jiehua Zhen. Introduction. Power is an integral part of our lives. Loss of power is inconvenient. Solution:

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Water Driven Micro Generator

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  1. Water Driven Micro Generator Team #13 Yetkin Yigit David Wetherholt Jiehua Zhen

  2. Introduction • Power is an integral part of our lives. • Loss of power is inconvenient. • Solution: Build a generator that can be easily hooked up to the kitchen faucet and generate electricity with the turning of the turbine by the running water.

  3. Features • Converts water’s movement energy into electrical energy • Output: 120V-AC, 60Hz. • Portable • Easy to use

  4. System Power Conversion DC to AC(60Hz), 12V to 120V DC Power Generation 12 V-DC

  5. Power Generation: The Turbine • Impulse turbine -> Pelton Wheel Turbine • Suitable for high head, low flow • Net Head(ft) x Flow(GPM) = Output Power(Watts) Estimated Power Available: 134 x 8.8 = 118 W Image Courtesy of cartage.org.lb

  6. Power Generation: The Turbine – Cont’d • Similar to ones used in hydro power plants • To increase efficiency, used two water jets instead of one Image courtesy of rpc.com

  7. Power Generation: Generator • Used a Litton Clifton Precision motor available in Power Lab with the following specifications;

  8. Power Generation: Final Setup

  9. Power Transformation Objective: • Regulate the output voltage from the generator to 10VDC • Transform10V-DC to 120VRMS-AC, with a frequency of 60Hz.

  10. Power Transformation: Voltage Regulation • Output from the generator is not constant • Need to regulate output voltage to 10VDC • Used LM338 • Vin = 11.5-13V C1= 0.1µF C2= 10µF R1= 120 Ω R2= 900 Ω Vout = 10V

  11. Power Transformation: Initial Design Keep the design simple and maximize the efficiency Square wave Sinusoidal wave

  12. Power Transformation: PWM Square Wave Generator

  13. Power Transformation: PWM Square Wave Generator • Need to step up 12Vdc to 170Vdc • Transformers work better at high frequencies – used PWMs to transform 10Vdc to 180kHz square wave.

  14. Power Transformation: Transformer • Transform 10V-180kHz square wave to 170V-180kHz square wave • Used a center tapped toroidal transformer with 20:340 turn ratio

  15. Power Transformation: Full Bridge • Rectifier that converts the 170Vac-180kHz signal to 170Vdc. • Placed capacitor parallel to Vout

  16. Power Transformation: DC to AC Inverter

  17. Power Transformation: DC to AC Inverter • DC Voltage coming out of the transformer goes into a PWM chip • The PWM chip creates square waves with a frequency of ~65Hz • The square wave goes into two IR2110 chips which turn the MOSFETs on and off

  18. Power Transformation: Final Setup

  19. Testing Procedures and Results

  20. Testing Procedures and Results:Water Input Output of the hose connected to the faucet

  21. Testing Procedures and Results:Generator

  22. Testing Procedures and Results:Generator

  23. Testing Procedures and Results:Generator

  24. Testing Procedures and Results: Voltage Regulator • Connected the input of the voltage regulator to the power supply and measured the output

  25. Testing Procedures and Results: Voltage Regulator Input I = .57 amps Efficiency= 86.3% Output I= .57 amps Input = 11.7Vdc Output = 10.095Vdc

  26. Testing Procedures and Results: PWM Square Wave Generator • Connected input of the PWM Square Wave Generator to 10Vdc power supply, observed output on the oscilloscope

  27. Testing Procedures and Results: Transformer • Connect 180kHz, 10V to primary winding, observe input and output on oscilloscope. • Calculate efficiency.

  28. Testing Procedures and Results: Transformer • Close S1, measure VRL • Open S1, close S2 which is a potentiometer, adjust it until half of VRL • Measure resistance, R1 • R1 (plus voltage source • impedance, 50Ω) is the • input transformer • impedance. Zin = 38.5+50 = 88.5Ω S1 Voltmeter S2

  29. Testing Procedures and Results: Transformer Efficiency: Pout = VRL² / RL = 58²/5k = 0.673 W Pin = VG² / Zin = 10²/88.5 = 1.13 W Efficiency = Pout/Pin*100% = 60%

  30. Power Transformation: DC to AC Inverter Vin= 12 VDC Iin = .105 amps Efficiency= 80.9% Vout= 12 VAC Iout= .085 amps

  31. Obstacles We Faced • Time • Components were usually out of stock and have a few weeks of lead time • Many components have low power limitations • Scarcity of ‘power’ equipment for proper testing of circuitry and not being able to have easy access to the power lab • Absence of a faucet/sink in the lab

  32. Recommendations • Use a higher voltage generator to keep the current to a minimum value. • Always keep in mind that many components have low voltage/current limitations (current being a more vital factor).

  33. Considerations • Water needed to produce electricity comes out to be a lot more expensive than the electricity we already have in our homes!

  34. Considerations • According to American Water, we pay about $2.42 per 748 gallons. That is about $0.003248/gallon. • System takes in ~8.83gallons/min. Running the system for 5 hours would cost $8.57. • According to AmerenIP, consuming 100kWh (100W for 1000 hours!) of power costs around $4.185.

  35. Ethical Issues • By product: a lot of clean water being wasted. • Safety: water and electricity don’t get along well.

  36. Future Uses and Implementations • Build a turbine that can be integrated into the water line going into the house. • Turbine can charge a battery during normal water usage. Main Water Line Turbine Household faucets Charge battery for backup power

  37. Questions?

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