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Phylum Chordata

Phylum Chordata. SBI 3U October 29 th , 2012. What are Chordates?. Chordates are animals with a nerve cord, notochord and gill slits (at least at some point in their lives). Characteristics of Chordates. Bilaterally symmetrical Ventral heart Body extends past anus into a tail

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Phylum Chordata

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  1. Phylum Chordata SBI 3U October 29th, 2012

  2. What are Chordates? • Chordates are animals with a nerve cord, notochord and gill slits (at least at some point in their lives)

  3. Characteristics of Chordates • Bilaterally symmetrical • Ventral heart • Body extends past anus into a tail • Nerve cord • Notochord • Gill slits

  4. More about chordates • Most recent group of animals • Make up only about 5% of animal species

  5. What is a nerve cord? • Unique to chordates • Dorsal nerve cord (dorsal=back side) • Found in the embryos of animals within the phylum chordata • NOTthe spinal cord, it is a rod of cartilage • Part of the nervous system

  6. What is a notochord? • A notochord is a skeletal rod made up of cartilage • Found in all embryonic and some adult chordates • In vertebrates  only present during embryonic development

  7. Classification of Chordates • Three subphyla: Cephalochordata, Urochordata and Vertebrata • Cephalochordata: such as lancelets • Urochordata: such as tunicates • Vertebrata: such as amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

  8. Cephalochorata & Urochordata • Filter-feeding marine organisms • Filter-feeding  pass water over a specialized filtering structure • Have notochords • No backbones or vertebral columns • Transition from invertebrates  chordates • Example: Lancelet (cephalochordata) • Example: Tunicate

  9. Vertebrata • Approx. 95% of all chordates • Presence of vertebrae hollow, cartilaginous, bony structure  protects dorsal nerve cord • Endoskeleton • Large brain protected by skull • Advanced nervous system • Circulatory system • Large coelom  containing vital organs

  10. Development of Appendages • Two pairs of appendages limbs • Improvement of locomotion • One of the defining features of vertebrates • Even snakes have them!

  11. Skull • Anterior skull with a large brain • Supports structures of the face and protects brain Mouse Human Dog

  12. Circulatory System • Ventral heart  pumps blood throughout body  in the process, delivering oxygen throughout

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