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Mediterranean and Middle East

Mediterranean and Middle East. 2000-500 B.C.E. Older centers into new regions. Bronze Age will become the Iron Age Mesopotamia and Egyptian influences will travel in to western Asia and the Mediterranean

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Mediterranean and Middle East

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  1. Mediterranean and Middle East 2000-500 B.C.E.

  2. Older centers into new regions • Bronze Age will become the Iron Age • Mesopotamia and Egyptian influences will travel in to western Asia and the Mediterranean • HOW: Far-flung trade, diplomatic contacts, military conquests, and the relocation of large numbers of people spread knowledge, beliefs, practices and technologies

  3. “Cosmopolitan” Middle East • Time of shared cultures and lifestyles • Flow of goods and sharing of ideas • High standard of living for wealthy • 7th century BCE Mesopotamia & Egypt will be successfully invaded • Outsiders were either ejected or assimilated and prosperity was restored

  4. Mesopotamia (1500 B.C.E.) • Babylonia (South) • Hammurabi • Kassites • Assyria (North) • Ashur (leading urban center) • Anchored a trade route • “Old Assyrian” • Exported textiles and tin • Hittites • Foremost power in Anatolia from 1700 to 1200 B.C.E. • Horse-drawn war chariots • Anatolia – rich in copper, silver, and iron (commerce) • First to make weapons of iron http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hFyxR1tSeY0

  5. Iron Age • Iron over bronze • Advantages: • Single metal • Many sources • Iron tools could be harder and sharper than bronze

  6. Mesopotamia (1500 B.C.E.) • Akkadian – language • Cuneiform • New: interactions politically, militarily, and economically encompassed all of western Asia

  7. Egypt • Flourished for 400 years • Middle Kingdom declined in 17th century B.C.E. • New groups migrated • Central authority broke down • 1640 B.C.E. = Hyksos rule Egypt • Hyksos = “Princes of Foreign Lands” • ????Who are they and how did they come to power??? • Had military advantages over Egyptians • Horse drawn chariot • Composite bow • Hyksos assimilates to Egyptian culture and intermarried but were still considered foreigners

  8. Egypt – The new Kingdom • Reunification by princes from Thebes • Expelled the Hyksos • Aggressive • Expansionist state • Timber, gold, copper, • Taxes and tribute form conquered territories • Buffer zone • Innovation • Travel • Exotic fruits and vegetables, new musical instruments, new technologies, improves potters wheel and weavers' loom

  9. Egypt – The new Kingdom • Queen/King Hatsheput • Male pronoun • Beard • Punt and Myrrh • Successful campaign to trade directly • When she died the people defaced her image • Akhenaten • Closed temples to all gods except the god of the sun • Credited with the creation of monotheism? • Asserting the power of the king over priests • Significance: • Death = temples reopened, capital returned to Thebes, kingship weakened in favor of the priests

  10. Egypt – The new Kingdom • King Tut • Tutankhamun • Famous why? • 1323 B.C.E. New Dynasty – the Ramessides • Back to conquest and expansion after Akhenaten • Ramesses II • Ramesses the Great • Monuments • 100 children?

  11. Technology • Horses • Made travel and communication fast • Horse-drawn chariots • Premier instrument in war • Team = driver and archer

  12. Ramesses II VS. Hittites • Draw • Treaty • Married a Hittite princess • Syria-Palestine • Located between Middle East and east-west trade route • http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DsMbsX-tvRk (New Kingdom) • http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=d8f1FUwTv8Q(The battle)

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