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The Knee Joint

The Knee Joint. Muscles that cross the Hip and Knee Joints. Sartorius: Hip flexion Knee flexion Rectus Femoris: Hip flexion Knee extension Tensor Fasciae Latae: Hip abd., flx. Knee ext tenses fascia latae & extends knee via iliotibial tract Biceps Femoris (long head):

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The Knee Joint

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  1. The Knee Joint

  2. Muscles that cross theHip and Knee Joints • Sartorius: • Hip flexion Knee flexion • Rectus Femoris: • Hip flexion Knee extension • Tensor Fasciae Latae: • Hip abd., flx. Knee ext • tenses fascia latae & extends knee via iliotibial tract • Biceps Femoris (long head): • Hip ext., ext rot. Knee flx., ext. rot.

  3. Muscles that cross theHip and Knee Joints • Semitendinosus • Hip Ext., int. rot. Knee flex, int. rot. • Semimembranosus • Hip ext., int. rot. Knee flx., int. rot. • Gracilis • Hip add, int. rot. Knee flx.

  4. The knee joint • Complex structure because of the knee functions: • allow mobility (flexion/extension) • must have some inherent stability • weight bearing joint

  5. The knee joint • Largest joint in the body. • Classified as a ginglymus (hinge) joint • Allows for primarily flexion and extension • There is, however, some rotation allowed about the knee joint.

  6. Articulating Bones • Femur • Tibia • Patella • Not part of the knee joint: • fibula - it does not articulate with the femur or the patella

  7. Important Structural Landmarks • Femur • lateral and medial condyles • convex surface • Tibia • lateral and medial condyles • concave surface • tibial tuberosity • Fibula • (technically not part of knee, but important structure)

  8. Connective Tissue • Medial (tibial) Collateral Ligament • Lateral (fibular) Collateral Ligament • Cruciate ligaments • Anterior (ACL) • Posterior (PCL) • Named based on attachment point on tibia. • Menisci • medial and lateral

  9. Movements about the knee joint • Flexion • Extension • Internal (inward) rotation • Anterior aspect of tibia rotates inward. • External (outward) rotation • Anterior aspect of tibia rotates outward.

  10. Muscles • Knee Extensors • Rectus femoris (two joint muscle) • Vastus medialis • Vastus intermedius • Vastus lateralis

  11. Muscles • Knee flexors • Biceps femoris (long *, short) • Semimembranosus * • Semitendinosus * • Sartorius * • Gracilis * • Popliteus • Gastrocnemius * • (* = crosses two joints)

  12. Muscles • Internal rotation about the knee • popliteus • semimembranosus • semitendinosus • External rotation about the knee • biceps femoris

  13. Popliteus (p104) • Origin • posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of the femur • Insertion • Popliteal surface of the tibia • Action • Knee flexion • Internal rotation about the knee

  14. Hamstring Muscles • Semimembranosus (medial muscle) • Semitendinosis (medial muscle) • Biceps Femoris (lateral muscle) • Actions • Knee flexion • Hip extension • thigh and leg rotation • internal (ST, SM) • external (BF)

  15. Biceps Femoris Muscle (p105) • Origin • Long head: ischial tuberosity • Short head: posterior aspect (linea aspera) of femur • Insertion • Lateral condyle of the tibia and head of the fibula • Action • Hip extension • Knee flexion • External rotation of the hip and knee

  16. Semimembranosus Muscle (p106) • Origin • Ischial tuberosity • Insertion • Postero-superior surface of the medial tibial condyle • Action • Hip extension • Knee flexion • Internal rotation about the hip and knee

  17. Semitendinosus Muscle (p107) • Origin • Ischial tuberosity • Insertion • Upper anterior medial surface of the tibia • Action • Hip extension • Knee flexion • Internal rotation about the hip and knee

  18. Quadriceps • Four-headed muscle • Rectus Femoris (two joint muscle) • Vastus medialis • Vastus intermedius • Vastus lateralis

  19. Rectus Femoris (p108) • Origin • Anterior inferior iliac spine of ilium • upper lip of acetabulum • Insertion • Superior aspect of patella & tibial tuberosity via patella tendon • Action • Hip flexion • knee extension

  20. Vastus Intermedius (p109) • Origin • upper two thirds of anterior-lateral aspect of femur • Insertion • Upper border of patella • tibial tuberosity via patella tendon • Action • Knee extension

  21. Vastus Lateralis (p110) • Origin • inferior border of greater trochanter • portion of linea aspera • Insertion • lateral border of patella • tibial tuberosity via patella tendon • Action • knee extension

  22. Vastus Medialis (p111) • Origin • linea aspera of femur • Insertion • medial aspect of patella • tibial tuberosity via patella tendon • Action • Knee extension

  23. Knee Summary • Bones • femur, tibia, patella • Joint • tibiofemoral • Movements • flexion, extension, internal rot., external rot. • Muscles • Quadriceps, hamstrings, sartorius, gracilis, popliteus

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