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Organization & Body Systems

Organization & Body Systems. Unit 1: Intro to Anatomy Chapter 1.1. Anatomy & Physiology. The study of the human body Anatomy is concerned with the structure of a part. Physiology is concerned with the function of the part. Levels of Organization.

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Organization & Body Systems

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  1. Organization &Body Systems Unit 1: Intro to Anatomy Chapter 1.1

  2. Anatomy & Physiology • The study of the human body • Anatomy is concerned with the structure of a part

  3. Physiology is concerned with the function of the part

  4. Levels of Organization • Body is organized into levels from most simple to most complex

  5. Atoms • Most simple • Compose all substances • Chemicals elements

  6. Molecules • Atoms joined together form molecules • Example: amino acids

  7. Macromolecules • Molecules joined together form macromolecules • Example: protein

  8. Organelles • Tiny structures found in cells that perform cellular functions • Example: mitochondria – supplies cell with energy

  9. Cells • Macromolecules found in all cells • Basic unit of all living things

  10. Tissue • Composed of similar types of cells and performs a specific function • Example: blood, muscle, fat

  11. Organs • Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function • Example: heart, stomach

  12. Organ System • Groups of organs that perform a particular function • Example: digestive system: supply body with the nutrients needed for growth and repair

  13. Organism • All the body systems make up an organism • Unicellular organism: made up of one cell • Example: amoeba • Multicellular organism: made up of many cells • Example: gorillas

  14. Review • ________ is concerned with the structure or an organ or part, while ________ is concerned with the function. ANSWER: Anatomy, Physiology

  15. ___________ are groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function. Answer: Organs

  16. 3. ______________ organisms are made up of many cells, while ___________ organisms are made up of one cell. • ANSWER: multicellular, unicellular

  17. 4. Basic unit of all living things are called ________. ANSWER: cells

  18. Homeostasis Homeostasis is the relative constancy of the body’s internal environment Even when external conditions change, the body’s internal condition stays within a narrow range All systems of the body contribute toward maintaining homeostasis If the body’s internal conditions changes greatly, illness results

  19. 2 types of homeostasis mechanisms: • Negative feedback – returns a variable back to a the set point

  20. Positive feedback – mechanism that brings about an ever greater change in the same direction Example: Childbirth

  21. Introduction • Organs in the body work together in systems • 11 organ systems in the body • Organ systems can be divided into 4 categories based on function

  22. Body Systems Support, Movement, & Protection Integration & Coordination Maintenance of the Body Reproduction & Development

  23. Support, Movement, & Protection • Integumentary System: • Organs: skin and accessory organs (hair & nails) • Function: protects tissue, regulate body temperature & contains sense organs

  24. Skeletal System • Organs: bones, cartilage, & ligaments • Function: protects body parts, produce blood cells, stores calcium & phosphorus salts

  25. Muscular System • Organs: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles • Function: move voluntarily, respond to stimuli, produce body heat

  26. Integration & Coordination • Nervous System • Organs: brain, spinal cord & nerves • Function: conducts nerve impulses from the sense organs to the brain and then to the muscles and gland

  27. Endocrine System: • Organs: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes • Function: secretes chemicals that are messengers between body part, maintain proper functioning of reproductive system

  28. Maintenance of Body • Circulatory (Cardiovascular) system: • Organs: Heart, blood vessels, blood • Function: transports nutrients and oxygen to cells through blood, removes wastes

  29. Immune (Lymphatic) System: • Organs: Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen • Function: protects body from disease

  30. Respiratory System: • Organs: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs • Function: bring oxygen into lungs and take carbon dioxide out of the lungs

  31. Digestive System: • Organs: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum • Function: receive food and digest into nutrient molecules

  32. Urinary System: • Organs: kidneys and urinary bladder • Function: gets rid of nitrogenous wastes, helps regulate fluid level and chemical content of the blood

  33. Reproduction & Development • Reproductive System: • Organs: Male: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penisFemale: ovaries, Fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus • Function: produce sex cells, nourish and protect fetus (female)

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