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Shaping America in the Antebellum Age

Explore the religious revival, reform philosophy, and political changes that shaped America in the Antebellum Age. Discover the impact of the Second Great Awakening, transcendentalism, political democratization, Native American policy, and the Bank War. Learn about utopian experiments, temperance and prison reform, abolitionism, women's rights, and the transformation of American society.

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Shaping America in the Antebellum Age

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  1. 10 Shaping America in the Antebellum Age

  2. Shaping America in the Antebellum Age • Religious Revival and Reform Philosophy • The Political Response to Change • Perfectionist Reform and Utopianism • Reforming Society • Abolitionism and Women’s Rights • Conclusion: Perfecting America

  3. Religious Revival and Reform Philosophy

  4. The Second Great Awakening • Charles G. Finney extremely popular • Rochester revival • New York and Old Northwest • Emphasis on human agency • Catholics also involved

  5. Transcendentalism • Ralph Waldo Emerson • Essays • Inward focus • Importance of reform • Henry David Thoreau • Walden • “On Civil Disobedience”

  6. The Political Response to Change

  7. The Political Response to Change • Concern with maintaining republicanism • Franchise extended to all white men

  8. Changing Political Culture • Election of 1828 • Parties become more important • Political life more democratic

  9. Jackson’s Path to the White House • Reputation from War of 1812 • Lost election of 1824 to John Quincy Adams • Election of 1828 – Democratic party • Defeated Adams • Inauguration a popular party

  10. The Man of the People

  11. Jackson’s Presidency • Spoils system • Brought in different groups • Internal improvements slowed • Tariff debates • Vice President John C. Calhoun • Opposes tariffs • Supports nullification

  12. Jackson’s Presidency (cont'd) • Ordinance of Nullification, South Carolina • Voids tariffs • Repealed after Force Bill is proposed

  13. Jackson’s Native American Policy • Reputation in warfare against Indians • Removal Act of 1930 • U.S. Army used • Trail of Tears: Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw • Old Northwest tribes pushed west

  14. Native American Removals: Southeast and Midwest

  15. Bank War and Depression • Second Bank of the United States • Hated by Jacckson, seen as a monopoly • Whigs nominate Henry Clay • Jackson reelected, 1832 • Removes Bank’s reserves • Partially responsible for panic

  16. Bank War and Depression (cont'd) • Martin Van Buren, elected 1836 • Inherits financial disaster • High unemployment

  17. The Second American Party System • Whigs • Generally wealthier • New England, Upper Midwest • Support Clay’s American System • Democrats • Often recent immigrants • Strong in South • Election of 1840 • Harrison v. Tyler

  18. Perfectionist Reform and Utopianism

  19. Impulses • Influence of Finney, revivals, Puritan legacy • International influence • Robert Owen, Scottish • Dilemmas • Change institutions or ideas?

  20. Utopian Communities Before 1860

  21. Utopian Experiments • John Humphrey Noyes – Oneida, New York • Founds Shakers • Sexual restrictions • Communal child raising • Mother Ann Lee • Many Shaker communities • Communal property

  22. Utopian Experiments (cont'd) • 100 communities • Robert Owen, New Harmony, Indiana • Brook Farm

  23. Millerites and Mormons • William Miller • Calculated end of time, 1843 • Gives rise to Seventh-Day Adventists • Joseph Smith • Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints • Succeeded by Brigham Young • Move west, 1846

  24. Reforming Society

  25. Temperance • American Temperance Society, found 1826 • Methods copied from revival meetings • Increasing use of political action from 1840s • Culminates in Prohibition, 1919

  26. Temperance Propaganda

  27. Reforming Society • Sylvester Graham • Extolled chastity, special diets, exercise • Mental institutions • Dorothea Dix • Prison reform • Samuel Gridley Howe and Thomas Gallaudet

  28. Reforming Society (cont'd) • Trade unions • National Trades Union, 1834

  29. Abolitionism and Women’s Rights

  30. The Antislavery Movement • William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator • American Anti-Slavery Society • American Colonization Society, 1816 • Tactics differ • Pamphlets, petitions, boycotts • Divisions between black and white abolitionists • Frederick Douglass calls for stronger action

  31. An Abolitionist Gathering

  32. Flood Tide of Abolitionism • Cooperation on most work • Unified by attacks on abolitionists

  33. An Abolitionist Message

  34. Women Reformers, Women’s Rights • Reform work gave women a new role • Sometimes alongside husbands • Angelina Grimke and Theodore Weld • New York Female Moral Reform Society • Work against prostitution • World Anti-Slavery Convention • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

  35. Women Reformers, Women’s Rights (cont'd) • Seneca Falls • Declaration of Sentiments

  36. Marriage Expectations

  37. Conclusion:Perfecting America

  38. Conclusion: Perfecting America • Reform • Second Great Awakening • Temperance • Women’s rights • Social and economic transformations • The issue of slavery becomes more divisive

  39. Timeline

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