Chapter 3: Society and Culture in Provincial America

1. Chapter 3: Society and Culture in Provincial America

2. What is indentured servitude?

3. Young men and women bound (legal obligation) themselves to masters for approximately 4 to 5 years. • Male indentures were to receive benefits at the end of their servitude (clothing, tools, and occasionally land). • Most indentured servants came to American voluntarily, others did not. • In 1617, the English government shipped convicts to America to be sold into servitude. • Indentured servants avoided the southern colonies. Indentured servitude

4. High death rates for women • Easy entrance into medical field with no or very little professional training. • Women established themselves as midwives. Medicine in the Colonies

5. Tobacco cultivation • Limited supply of African laborers during 17th century • Middle Passage • Unclear status of black laborers in America • In the 18th century, a clear distinction between white slaves and black slaves had been established. • English assumptions • Slave codes Origins of Slavery

7. English immigration began to decrease • Other European immigration on the rise: French, Irish, German, Swiss, Welsh, Scottish, and Scandinavian • Germans Changing Sources of European Immigration

8. Southern Economy Tobacco was the base of the economy. South Carolina and Georgia Rice was the staple crop Dependent on African slaves Indigo in South Carolina Eliza Lucas

9. Soil and Climate • Metal industry in Massachusetts • Iron act of 1750 • Natural resource industry Northern Economy

10. First systems emerged in Virginia and Maryland. • Charles Carroll of Maryland • 17th century colonial plantations • Larger plantations Plantation System

11. Plantation Slavery African slaves living conditions Africans developed a strong family structure Family was in jeopardy most of the time Stono Rebellion

12. 1680’s-1690’s • Salem, Massachusetts • Salem witch trials • Adolescent girls displayed unusual behavior. • Accused witches were middle-aged women, widowed, with few or no children. • “Independent” women challenged the norms of Puritan society. Witchcraft Phenomenon

13. The Pattern of Religions Roger Williams Anti-Catholicism Jews

14. First great American revival • 1730’s-1740’s • Break from their past and start a new relationship with god • Jonathan Edwards The Great Awakening

15. Scientific and intellectual discoveries in Europe • Reason vs. faith • Seek guidance within themselves • 17th century European giants: John Locke and Francis Bacon. • Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, and James Madison The Enlightenment