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Family, Disability, and Lifespan Development, RC 631

Family, Disability, and Lifespan Development, RC 631. Dr. Julia Smith Summer, 2009. RC 631 Family, Disability, and Lifespan Development. Syllabus Review. What is a typical family?. Divide into pairs and sketch a picture of a typical U.S. family. What is the Definition of Family.

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Family, Disability, and Lifespan Development, RC 631

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  1. Family, Disability, and Lifespan Development, RC 631 Dr. Julia Smith Summer, 2009

  2. RC 631 Family, Disability, and Lifespan Development

  3. Syllabus Review

  4. What is a typical family? • Divide into pairs and sketch a picture of a typical U.S. family

  5. What is the Definition of Family • 2-parent biological family (mono-nuclear family) • Single parent family • Blended family • Extended family • Partners without children

  6. U.S. Census Definitions • Family Group:A family group is any two or more people (not necessarily including a householder) residing together, and related by birth, marriage, or adoption.

  7. Family Household:A family household is a household maintained by a householder who is in a family (as defined above), and includes any unrelated people (unrelated subfamily members and/or secondary individuals) who may be residing there.

  8. What makes up a family? • Cultural influences • WASP families (mono-nuclear) • African-American families (include kin and community) • Italian families (include grandparents and godparents) • Chinese and other Asian families (include ancestors and future descendants) • Native American families (include tribal group and community)

  9. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

  10. 1. Infancy or Oral-Sensory • Ages – Birth to 18 months • Basic Conflict – Trust vs. Mistrust • Important Events - Feeding • Important for child to develop trusting relationship with caregiver

  11. Infants and Disability • Severe disabilities identified prenatally or at birth • Abortion? • Hospitals will screen for 30 metabolic and genetic diseases • Grief cycle • How should information be shared with parents?

  12. 2. Early Childhood or Muscular-Anal • Ages – 18 months to 3 years • Basic Conflict – Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt • Important Events – Toilet Training • Development of control over physical skills

  13. Early Childhood and Disability • Disabilities are identified as child matures • Participation in early intervention programs • IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) Part C (from birth to age 3) • Emphasis on family involvement

  14. 3. Preschool or Locomotor • Ages – 3 to 6 years • Basic Conflict – Initiative vs. Guilt • Important Events – Exploration/Independence • Assertion of control/power over environment

  15. 4. School Age or Latency • Ages – 6 to 12 years • Basic Conflict – Industry vs. Inferiority • Important Event – School • Learning new social and academic skills

  16. School Age and Disability • Child’s special needs are apparent • Parents begin to develop a vision for child’s future • Professionals can strongly influence how parents develop this vision • Discuss mainstream vs. separate classes

  17. RC 631 Family, Disability, and Lifespan Development

  18. 5. Adolescence or Latency • Ages - 12 to 18 • Basic Conflict – Identity vs. Role Confusion • Important Event – Social Relationships • Develop sense of self and personal identity

  19. Adolescence and Disability • Strongly influenced by cultural context values • Increased family stress • Increased isolation • Sexuality education • Expanding self-determination skills

  20. 6. Young Adulthood • Ages – 19 – 40 • Basic Conflict – Intimacy vs. Isolation • Important Events – Relationships • Forming of intimate relationships

  21. Young Adulthood and Disability • Off-time transitions • Issues of independence and dependence • Separation issues • Relationship issues • Identifying appropriate transitions • Postsecondary educational programs and support • Accessing supported employment options

  22. 7. Middle Adulthood • Ages – 40 to 65 • Basic Conflict – Generativity vs. Stagnation • Important Events – Work and Parenthood • Creation of something that will continue

  23. Mid-Life and Disability • Employment issues • Social support • Family support

  24. 8. Maturity • Ages – 65 to death • Basic Conflict – Ego Integrity vs. Despair • Important Events – Reflection on Life • Look back on life and experience feelings of success or failure

  25. Old Age and Disability • Disability is more common in the elderly • Disability is more frequent in lower socioeconomic groups • Lifestyle predicts disability (70%) compared with genetics (30%) • Cognitive and sensory decline • Increase in ADL care (activities of daily living) • Eating, bathing, dressing, using the toilet

  26. RC 631 Family, Disability, and Lifespan Development

  27. FAMILY LIFE CYCLE • Independence • Coupling or Marriage • Parenting: Babies through Adolescents • Launching Adult Children • Retirement or Senior Years

  28. Independence Stage • Separation and individuation • Identity • Develop intimate relationships • Establish career

  29. Coupling Stage • Develop new family system • Interdependence • Create life-style values • Finances • Recreational activities/hobbies • Friendships

  30. Parenting: Babies through Adolescents • Deciding to have a baby • Develop parenting role • Maintain individuality as well as family commitments • Allow for individuality with adolescents • Mid-life issues • Caring for older family members

  31. Parenting: Empty Nest • Re-define relationship with children • Re-define relationship with spouse • Establish new relationships with adult children’s families

  32. Senior Stage • Freedom • Physical and mental challenges • New roles with family and society • Dealing with loss/death • Reviewing life

  33. Family Life Cycle Summary • Families need to be seen from a multigenerational perspective. • Changes in one generation complicate adjustments in another. • Families often develop problems at transitions in the life cycle. • Environmental • Developmental

  34. Discussion Questions • Describe the challenges at the 8 different developmental stages. Give an example of each. • What are off-time or off-cycle transitions? Give examples of off-time transitions at the different stages. • How has your role in your family changed as you have gone through different developmental stages?

  35. Family Structure • Family patterns of interaction are predictable. • Family subsystems are determined by generation, gender, common interests, and function.

  36. Family Subsystems • Marital Subsystem • Parental Subsystem • Sibling Subsystem • Extended Family Subsystem

  37. Family Genogram/Mapping

  38. RC 631 Family, Disability, and Lifespan Development

  39. FAMILY COUNSELING THEORIES • Psychoanalytic Family Therapy • Bowen Family Systems Therapy • Experiential Family Therapy • Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy • Narrative Family Therapy

  40. Psychoanalytic Family Therapy • Focus on uncovering and interpreting unconscious impulses and defenses • Focus on basic wants and fears • Sexuality and aggression drives behaviors • Couples focused

  41. Psychoanalytic Family Therapy • Self-Psychology • Every human longs to be appreciated • Object-Relations • We relate to others based on expectations formed by early experiences • “Internal objects” form the core of the personality

  42. Psychoanalytic Therapy Techniques • Listening • Attend to clients’ fears and longings • Empathy • Interpretations • Clarify hidden aspects of experience • Analytic Neutrality • Don’t worry about solving the problem

  43. Psychoanalytic Therapy Techniques • Focus on: • Internal experience • The history of that experience • How the partner triggers that experience • How the context of the session and the counselor’s input contribute to experience between partners

  44. Important Names in Psychoanalytic Family Therapy • Jill and David Scharff – Object-Relations • John Bowlby – Attachment Theory • Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy – Contextual Therapy

  45. Bowen Family Systems Therapy • Focus on multigenerational family systems • Major problem is emotional fusion • Major goal is differentiation • Focus on subsystems • Focus on the triangle • Focus not on solving family issues but on learning individual roles in the family and how system operates

  46. “A therapist can only progress as far with a family as he/she has progressed with their own family relationships.” Bowen

  47. Systems Therapy Techniques • Genograms • The Therapy Triangle • Process Questions • Relationship Experiments • Coaching • “I” Position

  48. Important Names in Systems Family Therapy • Murray Bowen – Systems Theory • Milton Erickson – Strategic Theory • Jay Haley – Communication Model • Salvador Minuchin – Structural Theory

  49. Experiential Family Therapy • Developed in reaction to psychoanalysis • Freedom and immediacy vs. determinism • Focus on fulfillment vs. “accepting” neurosis • Focus on emotional well-being/experience of individuals vs. problem solving

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