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Pharos university Faculty of Allied Medical SCIENCE Medical Terminology MGMT-201

Pharos university Faculty of Allied Medical SCIENCE Medical Terminology MGMT-201. Dr . Tarek El Sewedy Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences. Lecture. Body Organization and Anatomical Nomenclature. Intended Learning Outcomes.

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Pharos university Faculty of Allied Medical SCIENCE Medical Terminology MGMT-201

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  1. Pharos universityFaculty of Allied Medical SCIENCEMedical TerminologyMGMT-201 Dr. Tarek El Sewedy Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences

  2. Lecture Body Organization and Anatomical Nomenclature

  3. Intended Learning Outcomes • By the end of this lecture, students will learn: • Human body organization • Anatomical and directional positions nomenclature.

  4. Lecture content • Human body organization • Anatomical and directionalpositions.

  5. Anatomical Characteristics of Humans • A large, well-developed brain. specialized regions, large brain-to-body-weight ratio. • Bipedal locomotion. stand and walk on two appendages • An opposable thumb. All primates have opposable thumbs • Well-developed vocal structures articulated speech • Stereoscopic vision. three-dimensional image

  6. well-developed brain

  7. An opposable thumb

  8. Body Organization • Structural and functional levels of organization characterize the human body. • Cellular Level • Tissue Level • Organ Level • System Level

  9. Body Organization • 1. Cellsare the fundamental structural and functional components of life. • 2. Tissues are aggregations of similar cells that perform specific functions. • 3. An organ is a structure consisting of two or more tissues that performs a specific function. • 4. A body system is composed of a group of organsthat function together.

  10. Body Organization Organism

  11. Anatomical Planes Of Reference • In order to visualize and study the structural arrangements of various organs, the body may be sectioned (cut) and diagrammed according to three fundamental planes of reference: • A midsagittalplane, • A coronalplane, • A transverseplane

  12. Traverse Coronal Midsagittal

  13. PLANES OF REFERENCE • A sagittal planes extends vertically through the body dividing it into right and left portions. • Coronal, or frontal, planes also pass lengthwise and divide the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. • Transverse planes, also called horizontal, or cross-sectional, planes, divide the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions Sagittal plane Coronal Plane Transverse Plane

  14. Anatomical Directional Positions • All terms of direction that describe the relationship of one body part to another are made in reference to the anatomical position. • In the anatomical position, the body is erect, the feet are parallel to each other and flat on the floor, the eyes are directed forward, and the arms are at the sides of the body with the palms of the hands turned forward and the fingers pointed straight down

  15. Body lines

  16. Body Cavities • Body cavities are confined spaceswithin the body. • They contain organs that are protected, compartmentalized, and supported by • associated membranes. • There are two principal body cavities: • posterior (dorsal) body cavity • larger anterior (ventral) body cavity.

  17. Clinical Procedures • Inspection: Visuallyobserving the body to note any clinical symptoms, such as abnormal skin color, swelling, or rashes. Other observations may include, irregular breathing rates, or abnormal behavior. • Palpation. Applying the fingers with firm pressure to the surface of the body to feel surface landmarks, lumps, tender spots, or pulse. • Percussion. Tapping sharply on various locations on the thoraxor abdomen to detect resonating vibrations as an aid in locating excess fluids or organ abnormalities

  18. Clinical Procedures • Auscultation. Listening to the sounds that various organs make (breathing, heartbeat, digestive sounds, and so forth). • Reflex testing. Observing a person’s automatic (involuntary) response to a stimulus. One test of a reflex mechanism involves tapping a predetermined tendon with a reflex hammer and noting the response.

  19. Students selected for assignment

  20. Assignments • Students on next slide are requested to prepare a presentation (minimum of 5 slides) on any the following topics: • Body parts and organization • Body cavities • Any of the Medical terminology subjects studided. Assignments should be delivered by next week

  21. Study questions • Write 3 Anatomical Characteristics of Humans • Mention the different 4 body organization levels and differences between them. • Mention the 3 PLANES OF REFERENCE for human body

  22. Reference books 1 – Medical Terminology an illustrated Guide by Barbara Jonson Cohen 2003  2 – “Medical Terminology Simplified” F. A David 2009 3 – “Medical Terminology system : Approach Fifth Edition” Barbara A Gylys 2004

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